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Etymological Legend
Ch	Chinese
CT	Common Turkic
Kh	Khalkha Mongolian
Khak	Khakas
LM	Literary Mongolian
LT	Literary Tibetan
NE	Northeastern Turkic
Rus	Russian
Skt	Sanskrit

• šaa only; about, approximately.
• šaagay thick stitched leather (one of the instruments of corporal punishment and torture in pre-revolutionary Tuva); corporal punishment (torture) by means of thick stitched leather.
• šaanak Sibirian juniper.
• šaar far, distant; šaar ïrakta dag köstüp čïtkan in the far distance a mountain was visible.
• šaar tea dregs. [Kh šaar]
• šaarar- to shine through, to show through.
• šaaškak hornet, gadfly.
• šaaškak scrofula.
• šaažaŋ bowl, drinking glass. [LM siγaĵang]
• šag time; ol šagda at that time, long ago; erte šagda in earlier times; šagda-la a long time ago; šaanda far; long time ago; šaandagï šagda in ancient times, a long time ago. [LM čaγ]
• šag force, power; bar šaa-bile with all one’s might.
• šagaa New Year celebration (in spring). [LM čaγan]
• šagalaa- to celebrate the New Year. [LM čaγala-]
• šagaan-teve a very large species of biting spider.
• šagar-arï wasp.
• šagar-oht stinging nettle (Urtica, Urticaceae).
• šak clock, watch; hour. [LM čaγ]
• šak exactly, right. [<CT *čak]
• šak- (šagar) to lighten, to kindle, to make fire; to sting (of insects). [<CT *čak-]
• šakïr- cf. čakïr- to call, to cry.
• šakkïla- to clang. [<CT *čakïla-]
• šala floor. [LM šala]
• šala a bit, a little, somewhat, slightly; half, lacking, incompletely; šala oožum quietish; šala uzun longish; šala kïl- to leave unfinished; šala küüset- to underfulfil; šala udu- to not get enough sleep; šala čugaala- ?to leave unsaid.
• šalaŋ back part of the thigh of a horse or cow.
• šalba lasso; throwing of the lasso.
• šalbaa put, puddle, swamp. [LM šalbaγa]
• šaldaŋ bare, half-dressed, without trousers. [LM šaldang]
• šalïŋ dew; šalïŋ düžüpken it dewed; šalïŋ kurgay bergen the dew dried up; cf. šaŋ. [<NE *čalïm ~ *čalïn]
• šalïŋ (rate of) pay, wages, salary.
• šalïpčï shock-worker; šalïpčï brigada shock-brigade.
• šambïla paradise. [LM šambala ←Skt]
• šana ski.
• šanak sled, sleigh.
• šandïr layer of meat covering the belly of an animal.
• šanï (male) cousin. [<CT *čïkan]
• šanïškïlar (male) cousins.
• šaŋ threshing floor. [←Ch]
• šaŋ reward. [LM šang ←Ch]
• šaŋ hoarfrost; cf. šalïŋ.
• šaŋda bark, rind.
• šaŋna- to award. [LM šangna-]
• šaŋnal praise, prize. [LM šangnal]
• šaŋnal- to become covered with hoarfrost.
• šap- (šavar) to hit, to beat; to gallop (on horseback); to assault (of a stallion or camel). [<CT *čap-]
• šapkïn stormy, hasty, busy, quick.
• šaptï blunt.
• šaptïkta- to hinder, to obstruct.
• šara phlegm.
• šarï bull, ox. [LM šar]
• šarï- to bind, to tie, to bandage.
• šartïlaa locust, grasshopper.
• šarlan aspen.
• šartay- to swell up, to become swollen.
• šaš- (šančar) to hit; to stab, to poke; örgen saš- to pitch a stake; öttür šaš- to pierce, to transfix; ooŋ xöree šančïp turgan s/he felt a stabbing pain in the chest. [<CT *sanč-]
• šat mountain ridge; plateau, table land.
• šatta- to go over mountain ridges, through plateaus, tablelands.
• šattïg having mountain ridges, plateaus, tablelands.
• šavaga sparse shrub, bush; a small fish.
• šavïlïïr hind saddlegirth. [Mo]
• šay tea; kara šay strong tea.
• šayzïrak (kiži) tea-lover, habitual tea-drinker.
• šažïn religion. [LM šasin ←Skt]
• šeer mal small livestock: sheep, goats.
• šeer aarïg venereal disease.
• šeežek: biče šeežek little finger.
• šeežile- to learn by rote, to learn by heart. [LM čegeĵile-]
• šekpen cloth (woolen).
• šel- to rip, to pull; to scribble.
• šene- to try.
• šenek elbow, forearm. [<CT *čekenek]
• šeŋne wild peony. [cf. LM čene]
• šergi [šehrgi] grasshopper.
• šerig soldier; army. [<CT *čerig]
• šet young larch tree.
• šever artistic, skillful, exemplary; accurate, tasteful, fine, neat, tidy; šever xoldar skillful hands; šever dargan master smith; šever čuraan ugulza a skilfully drwan pattern; šever xol üžüü neat handwriting.
• ševergin fine, neat, tidy; ševergin xep fine clothes.
• ševerle- to clean, to tidy up; öreel ištin ševerle- to do the room, to tidy up the room.
• ševerlekči one who puts the final touches on.
• ševerlen- to tidy oneself up.
• šig direction, orientation. [LM čig]
• šigbey awl; cf. šivegey.
• šii theater-play. [LM si]
• šiit- to judge.
• šiitpirle- to decide.
• šiitpirlig decisive.
• šil glass; bottle. [LM sil ←LT šel]
• šil-daš mica.
• šilči- to go through, to go over, to move over.
• šilčit- to transfer, to convert.
• šilege ram in its second year. [LM silüge]
• šilegey saliva, drool (e.g. of small children when teething). [LM silükei]
• šilen heron, egret, stork.
• šilgi reddish, ginger, chestnut (horse coat, cows).
• šili- to select, to choose. [LM sili-]
• šilire- to rustle.
• šilireš- to rustle together; to copulate.
• šim- to close the eyes; cf. šiy-. [<CT *yim-]
• šimče- to move, to shake.
• šimčeeškin movement, motion.
• šimčet- to make move.
• šime- to adorn, to decorate. [LM čime-]
• šimeen sound, noise. [LM čimege(n)]
• šimeŋne- cf. šiveŋne- to be glimpsed fleetingly.
• šimeš ?onom.
• šimi milk production.
• šimir-šimir pit-a-pat.
• šimire- (of the heart) to miss a beat, to stop beating; čürek šimirep tur my heart stopped beating.
• šimirt pit-a-pat; šimirt de- of the heart to miss a beat, to go pit-a-pat; čüreem šimirt didi my heart missed a beat.
• šinčeeči student, learned person, scholar; cf. šinčilekči.
• šinči appearance. [LM sinĵi]
• šinči- to research, to learn. [LM sinĵi-]
• šinčile- to research, to learn. [LM sinĵile-]
• šinčileeškin research.
• šinčilekči student, learned person, scholar; cf. šinčeeči. [LM sinĵilegči]
• šinčilel research. [LM sinĵilel]
• šinčilig resembling, looks like; ol bögün čoruur šinčilig-dir it looks like he is going today.
• šinik well-attired, trimmed.
• šiŋgeet- to master, to acquire, to pick up (culture, writings). [cf. LM singgege-]
• šiŋme cf. šüŋme (very) well, all right.
• širbi- to sweep. [LM sirbe-]
• širbiiš (~ širbiil) broom, besom. [LM sirbegül]
• širee small table. [LM sirege(n)]
• širikte- to cut out sods in layers; to make a turf edging around a flowerbed.
• širtek felt rug, bedding.
• šiš sharp, pointed; a spit, skewer, point; small stick, sharpened at both ends, which is inserted in the nose of a calf to prevent it from drinking from its mother, or in the nose of bulls and camels in order to lead them; šiš buluŋ sharp angle; šiš bört pointed hat. [<CT *sï:š ~ *si:š]
• šiškiiš sieve.
• šište- to splinter, to prick, to pin down; to grill on a skewer; šišteen eht skwered meat.
• šištey- to be sharp; to jut out, to protrude, to surge, to rise above; šölde čagï šištee bergen tur a pole stood out in the field.
• šišteyt- to make sharp.
• šivegey cf. šigbey awl. [cf. LM sibegür]
• šivegey-dumčuk species of sandpiper.
• šiveŋne- to be glimpsed fleetingly.
• šiveš twinkling, inkling, flash; šiveš de- to flash, to swiftly pass by; cf. *čiveš.
• šivi spruce. [NE]
• šiviškin spy.
• šiviškinne- to spy.
• šiy- cf. šim- to close the eyes.
• šïda- to be able, can; to bear, to stand. [LM čida-]
• šïdamïk steadfast, solid, stubborn.
• šïdaš- to bear with, to stand.
• šïdïraa chess. [LM sitara ←Ir šatarang]
• šïga- to point at, to aim.
• šïgban rod; cf. ïgban.
• šïgï- to become wet, moist. [cf. CT *čï:]
• šïgïra- to creak, to make a creaking sound. [<CT *čïkra-]
• šïgïrat- to let creak, make a creaking sound. [<CT *čïkrat-]
• šïgït- to moisten.
• šïgža- to preserve, to keep, to gather.
• šïïr trampled-down snow.
• šïïrak strong, powerful.
• šïk moisture, dampness; meadow; šïk čer meadow. [cf. CT *čï:]
• šïktïg moist, damp.
• šïla- to get tired with, to be tired of, to get weary.
• šïlaazïnnïg tiresome.
• šïlag tiredness, weariness, fatigue.
• šïlba willow bark, bark of shrub.
• šïlgalda examination, trial. [LM silγalta]
• šïlgaraŋgay outstanding.
• šïlgat- to be tried, to be examined.
• šïlïyaa breech band (harness). [←Rus šleja]
• šïmbay fair, good enough, quite, rather; šïmbay sad rather nice garden; šïmbay palto fairly decent coat; šïmbayïn moŋ! you see! how do you like that!
• šïmčï- to pinch, to nip, to tweak; xolun šïmčï- to pinch one’s hand.
• šïmčïm pinch, smidgen; šïmčïm taakpï a pinch of tobacco; šimčïm dus a pinch of salt.
• šïmïl larva, grub. [LM simuγul]
• šïmïr short, low of growth; cf. šïmïraš.
• šïmïraŋna- to look sideways, to avert the eyes, (of the head) to turn away; cf. šïpïraŋna-.
• šïpïraŋnaaš fidgety, frivolous.
• šïmïrar- (of grass, grains) to sprout; (of ears) to be or become short.
• šïmïrtartïr (~ šïmïrartï) short, cropped; šïmïrartïr kes- to cut short, to crop; šïmïrartïr ün- to sprout (of grass, grains).
• šïmïraš short, low of growth; šïmïraš oht short grass, grass of low growth (in spring); šïmïraš kulaktïg crop-eared; cf. šïmïr.
• šïn truth; true; šïnïn sögle- to tell the truth. [<CT *čïn]
• šïnaa valley, river bed. [LM sinaγa]
• šïnaala- to nomadise in a valley, river bed, to go along the shores of a river bed.
• šïnap-la indeed, really.
• šïnar quality, nature.
• šïnarlïg having quality.
• šïnčï honest, true; truely.
• šïnzïk- to trust, to believe in.
• šïnzïktïr- to certify, to confirm.
• šïnzïlga certificate, testimony.
• šïŋ deep hollow road.
• šïŋgan eht muscles.
• šïŋgïï kïldïr strictly, severely.
• šïŋgïra- to ring, to clink, to clank.
• šïŋgïraaš rinkling; eeldek šïŋgïraaš name of a Tuvan dance.
• šïŋgïrat- to ring, to clink, to clank.
• šïp- (šïvar) to cover up, to close, to shut. [<CT *yap-]
• šïpïraŋna- to look sideways, to avert the eyes; (of the head) to turn away.
• šïpïraŋnaaš fidgety, frivolous.
• šïpïraŋnaš- to avert the eyes together; to turn away together.
• šïpïraŋnat- to turn away the head; bažïŋnï šïpïraŋnatpa don’t turn a way your head.
• šïpïraŋnayïn- to look sideways all the time, to avert the eyes repeatedly.
• šïrbay- to strive, to try.
• šïrïš thicket, shrub.
• šïvïg cover, lid.
• šïvïk rod, stick. [<CT *čïbïk]
• šïy- to draw, to sketch.
• šïyaan this, so; šïyaan-am introduction of tales this now, so now!
• šïybak scratch, abrasion.
• šïybakta- to scratch.
• šïylaškïn (rain) worm, earth worm.
• šïžïk- to be annoyed, to become angry.
• šo dice used in fortune-telling; šo kag- ~ šo sal- to foretell by means of dice. [LM šo ←LT śo]
• šodaŋ cf. šodugur without tail, tailless.
• šodugur without tail; cf. šodaŋ. [LM šoduγur]
• šog irascible.
• šog: karak šoo sharp eyed, keen eyed, sharpness of the eye, keenness of the eye.
• šogžan ?mountain.
• šokar motley, dappled, spotted, multicoloured; pocked, pockmarked; šokar pös multicoloured fabric; šokar ivi dappled deer; šokar bïzaa spotted calf; šokar arïn pockmarked face. [LM čoqor]
• šokar-pös cotton (print).
• šol nick name.
• šolban Venus; star. [<CT *čolpan]
• šomuk not deep; short.
• šomuk-küske species of mouse.
• šon- to burn, to scorch.
• šooča lock.
• šooday bag, sack. [LM siγudai]
• šoolug not very; šoolug ulug eves not very big; šoolug eki eves karandaš-tïr it is a not so good pencil; ol šoolug maŋnay albas apargan it appeared he could not run very well.
• šoor flute.
• šoot- to ridicule, to laugh.
• šoptu nail, tack, peg, pin (wood).
• šopulak wooden spoon.
• šorga drain, gutter, wooden pipe for draining fluid, or transporting water. [LM čorγo]
• šortan pike (fish). [<CT *čortan]
• šoru excellent, fine, very well.
• šoru fault, failure; bodunuŋ šoruzu-dur it is his own fault.
• šoš fight.
• šošku- to run slowly, to jog, to trot. [LM šoγsi-]
• šoškuŋgurla- to jog, to trot.
• šovaa (~ šovaalaŋ) smart, lively, adroit, brisk; šovaa urug a lively child. [LM čobuγa]
• šoy cast iron.
• šoyuškak knockneed, bow-legged, with crooked legs; worn-down.
• šöl steppe, plain, field. [LM čöl]
• šölee leave of absence, holiday, furlough; šölee ber- to grant a holiday, leave; šölee al- to take a holiday, leave; šölee dile- to ask for leave of absence; šölee akšazï holiday money. [Oir čölee, LM čilüge(n)]
• šöleen calm.
• šölü- to send into exile.
• šöömey: biče šöömey little finger.
• šöy- to stretch out, to reach; xendir šöy- to take a leak, to pee (lit. to stretch hemp).
• šöyül- to wear out, to become worn out.
• šöyündü intestine.
• šu exclamation to drive up horses, cows; (when said to people) get lost!; šu-de right so! everything is fine!
• šudurguu persistent, stubborn.
• šuduru- to persevere.
• šuglak blanket, quilt; horse-cloth.
• šugum line; ruler. [LM siγum]
• šula- to urge on.
• šulbus devil, demon. [LM silmu(s)]
• šulun reindeer moss.
• šuluuda- to execute, to put into effect. [LM siluγudqa-]
• šuluun quick, prompt, swift. [LM siluγun]
• šumaš ergek little finger.
• šuptu all; bügü ... šuptu all.
• šura- to gallop, to jump.
• šuruš pike (fish). [cf. Tofa]
• šuudak the tradiitonal attire of a (Tuvan) wrestler; cf. sodak. [LM siγudaγ]
• šuuga- to talk, to chatter; to to gossip; to make a noise.
• šuulgan forum. [LM čiγulγan]
• šuurgan storm, hurricane. [LM siγurğa(n)]
• šuuš- to walk in a row (of a caravan).
• šuut first, straightway, directly. [LM siγud]
• šüdüleŋ male or female calf or foal or yak in its third year. [LM sidüleng]
• šüg- (~ šüür) to conquer, to defeat, to vanquish (e.g. in a wrestling game); to be in the lead; bu udaada kïm šüür irgi? and who is in the lead this time?
• šülüglel poem. [LM silüglel]
• šülük verse, poem, poetry; šülük čogaalï poetry. [LM silüg ←Skt śloka]
• šülükčü poet. [LM silügči]
• šünčük hip joint; hinge.
• šüŋme (very) well, all right, o.k.; bo nomnu nomču šüŋme read this book, that's all right; cf. šiŋme.
• šüŋmek kind of axe with bow-shaped blades.
• šüšpeŋ slow, hesitant.
• šüü salpetre. [LM siü ←Ch]
• šüür filter, strainer, sieve, skimmer. [cf. LM sigü-]
• šüve good, well.
• šüžüle- to breathe heavily and noisily. [cf. LM siĵigine-]
• šüžüŋeyin- to breathe heavily and noisily.