B

Etymological Legend
Ch	Chinese
CT	Common Turkic
Kh	Khalkha Mongolian
Khak	Khakas
LM	Literary Mongolian
LT	Literary Tibetan
NE	Northeastern Turkic
Rus	Russian
Skt	Sanskrit

• baalïk saddle shaped mountain.
• baalïŋ enamel. [LM palang ←Ch]
• baar liver; baar aarïï liver disease; baar ehdi diaphragm; baarï ažï- to be very upset; baarïnïŋ ödü bolgan dearly loved. [<CT *bagïr]
• baarï frontside; dag baarï the front of a mountain; tayganïŋ baarïnda in the front part of the tayga; meeŋ baarïmda in front of me.
• baarlïg having a liver (as the seat of the emotions); kara-baarlïg hard-hearted; sook-baarlïg cold-hearted; čïlïg baarlïg warm-hearted, kind. [<CT *bagïrlïg]
• baartak counter.
• baartïk apron. (←Rus fartuk ←Pol ←Ger Vortuch)
• baarzïk cf. kara-baarzïk thrush, starling.
• baarzïk pancreas gland. [<CT *bagïrsok]
• baažï(zï) simulation, pretence; cunning, slyness, guile, craft; ruse; hint (to the answer of a riddle). [cf. LM bači]
• bačïda- to hurry, to be in a hurry, to make haste, to rush; to fusss, to bustle; to worry or bother oneself; to become more ill; aarïg kiži bačïdap tur the patient’s condition worsened.
• bačïdaaškïn serious condition, crisis.
• bačïm urgent, pressing; hasty, hurried; bustling, given to fussing; strained, tense, difficult; sultry; confusion, turmoil, bustle; bačïm ažïl urgent work; bačïm čoruk urgent journey; bačïm üye difficult time. [LM bačim]
• bačïmna- to hurry, to be in a hurry, to make haste, to rush; to fuss, to bustle; to worry or bother oneself. [cf. LM bačïmda-]
• bačït sin, evil. [LM barčit ←LT]
• badïla- [bahdïla] to vote; to approve, to confirm, to affirm; to register. [LM batula-]
• badïlaaškïn [bahdïlaaškïn] vote; approval, confirmation; registration.
• badïlal vote; approval, confirmation; (marriage) registration.
• badïlaš- to vote together; to approve or confirm together; to register one’s marriage.
• badïlažïïškïn (marriage) registration, marriage ceremony, wedding.
• badïr- to bring down, to lower; to reduce; to degrade; to float; to perform a song; (of children) to cry; xuuŋnu kudukče badïr- to lower the pail in the well; sug badïr- to drain off water; örtek badïr- to lower the price; kudu badïr- to send down from the mountain into the valley, or downstream; badïrïvït če! come on, sing! [<CT *batur-]
• badïrtïr- to let bring down, lower, reduce, degrade, float, sing.
• badïtka- [bahdïtka-] to confirm. [LM batudqa-]
• badïtkal confirmation, proof.
• bag strap, thong, belt; lasso; tie, leash, tether; bag kur leather strap, leather belt; bagda on the leash, tether. [<CT *ba:g]
• bagana column, pillar, post, pole. [LM baγana]
• bagay [bahgay] bad, ugly; not sufficient, not satisfying; poor; bagay xeme bad boat; bagay ažïl unsatisfactory work; bagay agaar bad weather.
• bagay-sogay [bahgay-sohgay] bad, unimportant.
• bagla- to tie, to bind; snop bagla- to bind sheaves; xoldarïn bagla- to tie one’s hands. [<CT *ba:gla-]
• baglaaš tie, strap; aht baglaažï horse reins.
• baglakčï binder (of sheaves).
• baglan- to tie oneself. [<CT *ba:glan-]
• baglaš- to tie together; to be tied in a knot, (of a knot) to be tightened.
• baglat- to let tie; to be tied. [<CT *ba:glan-]
• bak [bahk] bad, evil; negligent; unfortunate; weak; bak kiži bad person; bak aažï bad habits; bak čaŋna- to treat badly; bakka sug- to defame, to villify.
• bak-sok [bahk-sohk] unimportant, rather bad; bak-sok čüveler goods and chattels, belongings.
• bakïla- [bakkïla-] to throw a glance, to peep in.
• bakka-sokka hardly, barely.
• baksïra- to become worse; to grow weak; to wear out, to be used up; agaar baksïraan the weather turned worse.
• bakta- to scold, to abuse, to criticize, to slander, to discredit, to calumniate.
• baktaa- [bahktaa-] to form, to be part of, to be a member of; komissiyanïŋ sostavïnga baktaap kir- to become member of the committee. [LM baγta-]
• baktaaškïn the act of becoming a part or member of.
• baktaaškïn swearing, bad language, slander, calumny.
• baktat- to be scolded, slandered, discredited.
• bala fault; harm, damage; bo seeŋ balaŋ this is your fault! balazï-bile through someone’s fault.
• bala pestle.
• bala graphite; that which stains (of metals). [LM bala]
• bala- to erase, to blot out, to obliterate; to cross out, to strike out. [LM balala-]
• balaaš eraser, rubber.
• balalïg causing damage, harmful.
• balalïg stained, soiled (of metals).
• balančak small child.
• balar slime, mire, silt. [cf. Khak balïr]
• balar former, ex, old. [LM balar]
• balara- to have aching muscles.
• balaš- to obliterate one another.
• balaš- to soil each other, to make each other dirty.
• balat- to let erase, blot out; to let cross out, to strike out.
• baldï [bahldï] axe. [<CT *balto, LM balta]
• baldïr [bahldïr] calf of the leg; money; baldïrï dïŋzïg rich, prosperous, well-to-do. [<CT *baltïr]
• balïg wound; scab; balïg kiži wounded person. [<CT *ba:lïg]
• balïgla- to injure, to wound; of a wound to occur. [<NE *balïgla-]
• balïglaaškïn wound, injury, wounding.
• balïglat- to be wounded, to get wounded.
• balïglattïr- to be wounded, to get wounded.
• balïïrgan- to feel pain (of a wound), to be sensitive to pain.
• balïk fish; sööktüg balïk ide (carp); balïk tïvïïškïn fishing, the catching of fish; balïk münü fish soup; balïk üzü fish oil; balïk üürgenezi fish roe. [<CT *ba:lïk]
• balïkčï fisherman. [<CT *ba:lïkčï]
• balïkta- to fish, to catch fish.
• balïktïg rich in fish, teeming with fish; balïktïg xöl lake rich in fish. [<CT *ba:lïklïg]
• bar there is, present; ïndïg dürüm bar there is such a regulation; mende ol nom bar I have that book. [<CT *ba:r]
• bar [< baar] going; ahttïg ulus bar čïdïr the horsemen moved away. [< *barar]
• bar- (baar) to go, to go a way, to leave, to part; -(I)p bar- auxiliary verb indicating ‘being in a situation’; -(I)p bar čït- to go to, to go away; men čoruy bardïm I left; aht maŋnap čoruy bargan the horse had run away; közülbeyn bar- to be invisible; kančap bardïŋ? what is the matter with you?; ašakka bar- (of a woman) to marry; bažï-bile bar- to be lacking, missing, lost; baardï s/he went. [<CT *bar-]
• bar-čok scanty, small, trifle.
• bar-čoktug scanty, small, trifle.
• bara fish-trap. [cf. Khak para]
• baraan goods, stuff, ware, merchandise. [LM baraγa(n)]
• baraan outline, contours, silhouette; baraan bol- to serve; čonunga baaraan bol- to serve the people. [LM baraγa(n)]
• baraanna- to go to buy goods.
• baraanna- to watch, to observe.
• baraban drum. [←Rus baraban]
• baraskan poor person, pauper; inhabitant.
• barba bag of goat leather.
• bardam impudent, coarse; arrogant, conceited, presumptious; irascible. [LM bardam]
• bardamna- to be arrogant, conceited; to boast of one’s strength (in games, wrestling). [LM bardamna-]
• barï presence, availability, on hand, cash; akšanïŋ barï cash money; erge-žok čugula baydaldarnïŋ barï the presence of indispensable conditions.
• barïïn western; right-winged (politics). [LM baraγun]
• barïk almost. [LM baruγ]
• barïmdaa base, basis; reason, grounds, cause; proof, argument; evidence, certificate; kandïg-daa barïmdaa čokka without any reason; barïmdaaï čül? on what grounds?; škola dooskanïnïŋ barïmdaazï a certificate of having completed school. [LM barimta]
• barïmdaala- to be based or founded on; to observe, to keep to, to take into account, to stick to; dürümnü barïmdaala- to observe the rules. [LM barimtala-]
• bas- [bahs-] to press; to suppress, to repress; to destroy, to obliterate; to tread, to step; to amble; to pull or press the trigger, to shoot; kattïŋ suun sï bas- to squeeze out the juice of berries; demdek bas- to stamp, to brand; bazar aht ambler; bazar čüve pistol. [<CT *bas-]
• baska hammer.
• baskaktan- [bahskaktan-] to sit cross-legged.
• baskïïš step, footstep; pedal; key; metal or horn badge (for fastening the seat to the saddle frame).
• baskïlaš- to be heaped or piled up, to be loaded with.
• baskïlaštïr- to heap up, to pile, to load with.
• bastïg-: xaram bastïg- to have a nightmare.
• bastïr- to oppress, to lower; to abuse; to be oppressed; to thresh (grain); to step; to amble. [<CT *bastur-]
• baš [bahš] head; top, summit; end, tip; ear (of grain); head (counter for livestock); beginning, origin, source; -NIŋ bažïnda on top of, at the head of; bažïndan from the beginning; sigen bažï ear of grass; dag bažï mountain top; xem bažï the upstream part of a river; baš teyi crown of the head; baš söögü skull; baš šüürü comb; baš muŋgaš dead end, situation with no way out. [<CT *baš]
• baš-tenider puzzle, conundrum.
• baška [bahška] besides, except for; senden baška except for you; boordan baška except for its being. [<CT *baška]
• baškala- to separate, to isolate.
• baškalaaškïn separation, isolation, section division.
• baškalan- to get rid of, to shake off, to throw off.
• baškalančak separate, isolated from.
• baškalandïr- to separate, to isolate.
• baškar- [bahškar-] to manage, to regulate, to put right; to equip, to fit out (for a journey); to steer; kudumču šimčeeškinin baškar- to regulate the trafic; korabldi baškar- to steer the ship. [<CT *baškar-]
• baškarïkčï manager; leader.
• baškart- to let manage, regulate, equip, steer.
• baškï [bahškï] teacher. [<CT *baxšï, cf. LM baγsi ←Ch]
• baškï first; front-, anterior; initial.
• baškïla- to teach, to educate.
• baškïlaaškïn education.
• bašta- to lead, to direct, to govern, to be at the head of, to guide; baštaar organnar authorities; baštaar čer government. [<CT *bašla-]
• baštak [bahštak] witty, humerous, comic; joke, humour; joker, jester. [<CT *baštak]
• baštaktan- to make jokes, to tease.
• baštaktanïš- to tell jokes to one another.
• baštal- to be in the ear, to form ears (of grass).
• baštalga guidance, leadership.
• baštaŋgï [bahštaŋgï] bridal veil.
• baštat- to entrust the leadership.
• baštay for the first time; eŋ-ne baštaygï very first, initial.
• baštïg with a head, headed; with a leader; wise. [<CT *bašlïg]
• baštïŋ [bahštïŋ] leader, head; the leader (in a herd); aymaktïŋ baštïŋï leader of the clan.
• baštïŋčï leader, chief; ažïlčï čonnuŋ baštïŋčïzï leader of the working people; klass baštïŋčï baškïzï class teacher.
• bat- [baht-] to go down, to descend, to plunge, to sink, to flow; kudu bat- to walk downstream. [<CT *bat-]
• bay rich; a rich person; čuduruk bay rich farmer (cf. Rus kulak). [<CT *ba:y]
• bayaatan (~ bayat) rich person.
• baybaŋ garrulous, talkative; talkativeness, garrulity; unduly familiar (behaviour).
• baydal position, status, state, condition, circumstance, situation. [LM bayidal]
• baydaldïg situated, located, being in a position; berge baydaldïg being in a difficult position; eki baydaldïg being in a good position.
• bayï- to be or become rich. [<CT *ba:yu-]
• bayïïrga- to take pride in one’s wealth, to boast. [LM bayarqa-]
• bayïr festivity; greeting, welcome; bayïr čedir- to welcome, to greet, to congratulate. [LM bayar]
• bayïrla- to celebrate; to greet. [LM bayarla-]
• bayïrlal holiday, festivity. [LM bayarlal]
• bayïrlïg festive, ceremonial; greeting, welcoming; goodbye; bayïrlïg xural ceremonial meeting; bayïrlïg telegramma welcoming telegram; bayïrlïg ešter! goodbye, friends! [cf. LM bayartai]
• bayïsaa- (~ baysaa-) to interrogate, to question. [LM baičaγa-]
• bayïsaakčï (~ baysaakčï) investigator. [LM baičaγaγči]
• bayïsaalga (~ baysaalga) interrogation, examination. [LM baičağalğa]
• bayïsaat- to be interrogated.
• bayït- to make rich. [<CT *ba:yut-]
• bayla- to come to an end, to become empty (of a glass).
• baylak rich; richness, wealth; resources, treasures; baylak čurt rich land; boydus baylaktarï natural resources; materialdïg baylaktar material resources; ištiki baylaktarnï mobilizastaarï mobilisation of internal resources; kazïmal baylaktar useful resources.
• baylaŋ fry, young fish.
• baytïk not only. [cf. LM baituγai]
• bayza boundary post.
• baza [bahza] and, still, more, yet, another, already; saazïn baza karandaš paper and pencil; baza bir kiži keldi another person came; meŋee baza nomdan bir ber give me yet another book. [LM basa]
• bazïm [bahzïm] step.
• bazïmča [bahzïmča] insult, abuse. [LM basumji]
• bazïmčala- [bahzïmčala-] to humiliate, to abase, to insult, to offend, to abuse; to mock, to jeer at; to consider weak, feeble; ol meni bazïmčalaaš šïdïraaga utturupkan s/he beat me at chess and considered me weak.
• bazïn- (bastïr) to humiliate, to abase, to insult, to offend, to mock, to jeer at. [<CT *basïn-]
• bazïr- to press. [<CT *basur-]
• bazïtkïïš metal or horn badge (for fastening the seat to the saddle frame).
• baža brother-in-law (wife’s sister’s husband). [<CT *ba:ča]
• bažalaš- to be or become brothers-in-law.
• bažalïškïlar (~ bažaškïlar) brothers-in-law (husbands of sisters).
• bažï-kurlug index finger (in games).
• bažïŋ house, log hut, building; prison, jail; škola bažïŋï school building; bažïŋ adrezi home address; bažïŋ xerekselderi household utensils; bažïŋga kir- to go to prison; bažïŋ kižizi prisoner, inmate. [LM baising]
• bažïŋna- to be in prison, to be locked up in jail.
• bažïŋnan- to own a house, building.
• bažïŋnat- to get locked up in prison.

• be mare. [<CT *be:]
• be question particle.
• bedi- to become high, to rise, to be raised. [<CT *bedü-]
• bedik high, tall; height, mountain; bedik dag high mountain; bedik kiži tall person; bedik ün high voice. [<CT *bedik]
• bedit- to raise, to heighten, to lift; sugnuŋ deŋnelin bedit- to raise the water level. [<CT *bedüt-]
• beer hither, here; since; beer kel come here; nomnarnï beer ekkel bring the books here; ïŋay-beer thither and hither; ol üyden beer since that time; oon beer since then; dagnïŋ beer iyi the slope on this side of the mountain. [<CT *be:rü]
• beg beg (historical title); father-in-law; husband’s elder brother. [<CT *beg]
• bege [behke] Indian ink. [LM beke ←Ch]
• bege [behke] blight, smut (a crop disease).
• begele- (of cereals) to be affected by blight, smut.
• bek [behk] chains, fetters. [<CT *bek]
• bekte- to consolidate, to strengthen, to fasten. [<CT *bekle-]
• bekteg oppression.
• bektel (~ bektelge) fetters; yoke, oppression; captivity; kolonialdïg bektel colonial yoke.
• bekten- to hold on to, to press oneself against, to strengthen. [<CT *beklen-]
• bektet- to let consolidate, strengthen, fasten. [<CT *beklet-]
• bel waist; slope (at the foot of a mountain). [<CT *be:l]
• bel salmon-trout. [<NE *bel]
• bel-keš (~ bel-kežik) lower part of the body.
• belde- to go past the mountain slope.
• belde- to fish for salmon-trout.
• beldir [behldir] confluence, crossroads, junction; knot; xem beldiri confluence of rivers; oruk beldirinde at the crossroads. [<CT *beltir]
• beldirleš- (of rivers or roads) to come together, to join, to form a confluence, junction.
• belek gift, present; belekke ber- to give as a present. [LM beleg]
• belen easy; ready. [LM belen]
• belen-selen that easily; ol belen-selen utpas s/he won’t forget so easily. [LM belen-ĵelen]
• beleŋgiš mountain terrace.
• beletke- to prepare; to acquire, to purchase; bažïŋnï kïška udur beletke- to prepare the house for winter. [LM beledke-]
• beletkel purveyence, procurement; preparation, acquirement; beletkel punktuzu purveying centre, procurement station. [LM beledkel]
• beletken- to prepare oneself.
• beliŋči afraid, scared. [<CT *beliŋči]
• beliŋne- to run up to, to jump; to give a start; to give a shriek. [<CT *beliŋle-]
• beliŋnet- to make afraid, to scare.
• ber- (beer) to give; bo nomnu meŋee ber give me this book; sös ber- to give one’s word; čöpšeerel ber- to give permission; üleger ber- to give an example; -A/-I/-y ber- (inchoative auxiliary); bižiy berdim I started writing; -(I)p ber- (benefactive auxiliary); meŋee adïŋ čugaalap ber tell me your name; beeriniiŋ padeži dative case. [<CT *be:r-]
• berdin- to give oneself up, to surrender; to be given.
• berdingen true, loyal, devoted.
• berdir- to transfer to, to hand down, to forward, to let give; čagaanï akïmdan berdirdim I forwarded the writing through my elder brother. [<CT *be:rdür-]
• berge [behrge] heavy, difficult; hardship, trouble. [LM berke]
• bergede- to be in difficulties, to find difficulty in; to become difficult, hard, complicated. [LM berked-]
• bergedet- to make difficult, hard, complicated.
• berimče blessing, boon; donation.
• berimčelig beneficial, abundant; generous, liberal; berimčelig čay a lavish summer.
• beriš- to touch; to bother; to tease; bo nomnar-bile berišpeŋer don’t you touch these books; ït-bile berišpe don’t tease the dog. [<CT *beriš-]
• bert [behrt] (a place) difficult to pass. [<CT *berk]
• bert- [behrt-] to mutilate, to cripple, to maim. [<CT *bert-]
• berten this morning. [< bo erten]
• bertik mutilation, maiming; dislocation (of a joint); break, fracture (of a limb).
• berttin- to be maimed, injured. [<CT *bertin-]
• berttindir- to maim.
• bes a species of edible bulb (Erythronium). [<NE *bes]
• bes gland; čaraa bezi salivary gland [<CT *be:z]
• bestig-baarzïk pancreas.
• beš five; beški fifth. [<CT *be:š]
• beš-adar rifle.
• beti [behti] this side; front, before; xem betinde at this side of the river; betinge near, on this side of; šuugaar betinde as concerns gossip, with respect to gossip. [Tofa beht]
• bezerek insufficient, inadequate; premature, born prematurely; defective; bezerek kïl- to do inadequately, to leave uncompleted. [LM besereg]
• bezin even, yet; ol bezin kelbeen-dir s/he has not come yet. [Tofa bezin]
• beželee(n) five together, the five of, fivesome.
• bežen fifty; bežengi fiftieth. [<NE *beš + *on]
• bežennig being fifty years of age.