B

Etymological Legend
Ch	Chinese
CT	Common Turkic
Kh	Khalkha Mongolian
Khak	Khakas
LM	Literary Mongolian
LT	Literary Tibetan
NE	Northeastern Turkic
Rus	Russian
Skt	Sanskrit

BA

• baalïk saddle shaped mountain.
• baalïŋ enamel. [LM palang ←Ch]
• baar liver; baar aarïï liver disease; baar ehdi diaphragm; baarï ažï- to be very upset; baarïnïŋ ödü bolgan dearly loved. [<CT *bagïr]
• baarï frontside; dag baarï the front of a mountain; tayganïŋ baarïnda in the front part of the tayga; meeŋ baarïmda in front of me.
• baarlïg having a liver (as the seat of the emotions); kara-baarlïg hard-hearted; sook-baarlïg cold-hearted; čïlïg baarlïg warm-hearted, kind. [<CT *bagïrlïg]
• baartak counter.
• baartïk apron. (←Rus fartuk ←Pol ←Ger Vortuch)
• baarzïk cf. kara-baarzïk thrush, starling.
• baarzïk pancreas gland. [<CT *bagïrsok]
• baažï(zï) simulation, pretence; cunning, slyness, guile, craft; ruse; hint (to the answer of a riddle). [cf. LM bači]
• bačïda- to hurry, to be in a hurry, to make haste, to rush; to fusss, to bustle; to worry or bother oneself; to become more ill; aarïg kiži bačïdap tur the patient’s condition worsened.
• bačïdaaškïn serious condition, crisis.
• bačïm urgent, pressing; hasty, hurried; bustling, given to fussing; strained, tense, difficult; sultry; confusion, turmoil, bustle; bačïm ažïl urgent work; bačïm čoruk urgent journey; bačïm üye difficult time. [LM bačim]
• bačïmna- to hurry, to be in a hurry, to make haste, to rush; to fuss, to bustle; to worry or bother oneself. [cf. LM bačïmda-]
• bačït sin, evil. [LM barčit ←LT]
• badïla- [bahdïla] to vote; to approve, to confirm, to affirm; to register. [LM batula-]
• badïlaaškïn [bahdïlaaškïn] vote; approval, confirmation; registration.
• badïlal vote; approval, confirmation; (marriage) registration.
• badïlaš- to vote together; to approve or confirm together; to register one’s marriage.
• badïlažïïškïn (marriage) registration, marriage ceremony, wedding.
• badïr- to bring down, to lower; to reduce; to degrade; to float; to perform a song; (of children) to cry; xuuŋnu kudukče badïr- to lower the pail in the well; sug badïr- to drain off water; örtek badïr- to lower the price; kudu badïr- to send down from the mountain into the valley, or downstream; badïrïvït če! come on, sing! [<CT *batur-]
• badïrtïr- to let bring down, lower, reduce, degrade, float, sing.
• badïtka- [bahdïtka-] to confirm. [LM batudqa-]
• badïtkal confirmation, proof.
• bag strap, thong, belt; lasso; tie, leash, tether; bag kur leather strap, leather belt; bagda on the leash, tether. [<CT *ba:g]
• bagana column, pillar, post, pole. [LM baγana]
• bagay [bahgay] bad, ugly; not sufficient, not satisfying; poor; bagay xeme bad boat; bagay ažïl unsatisfactory work; bagay agaar bad weather.
• bagay-sogay [bahgay-sohgay] bad, unimportant.
• bagla- to tie, to bind; snop bagla- to bind sheaves; xoldarïn bagla- to tie one’s hands. [<CT *ba:gla-]
• baglaaš tie, strap; aht baglaažï horse reins.
• baglakčï binder (of sheaves).
• baglan- to tie oneself. [<CT *ba:glan-]
• baglaš- to tie together; to be tied in a knot, (of a knot) to be tightened.
• baglat- to let tie; to be tied. [<CT *ba:glan-]
• bak [bahk] bad, evil; negligent; unfortunate; weak; bak kiži bad person; bak aažï bad habits; bak čaŋna- to treat badly; bakka sug- to defame, to villify.
• bak-sok [bahk-sohk] unimportant, rather bad; bak-sok čüveler goods and chattels, belongings.
• bakïla- [bakkïla-] to throw a glance, to peep in.
• bakka-sokka hardly, barely.
• baksïra- to become worse; to grow weak; to wear out, to be used up; agaar baksïraan the weather turned worse.
• bakta- to scold, to abuse, to criticize, to slander, to discredit, to calumniate.
• baktaa- [bahktaa-] to form, to be part of, to be a member of; komissiyanïŋ sostavïnga baktaap kir- to become member of the committee. [LM baγta-]
• baktaaškïn the act of becoming a part or member of.
• baktaaškïn swearing, bad language, slander, calumny.
• baktat- to be scolded, slandered, discredited.
• bala fault; harm, damage; bo seeŋ balaŋ this is your fault! balazï-bile through someone’s fault.
• bala pestle.
• bala graphite; that which stains (of metals). [LM bala]
• bala- to erase, to blot out, to obliterate; to cross out, to strike out. [LM balala-]
• balaaš eraser, rubber.
• balalïg causing damage, harmful.
• balalïg stained, soiled (of metals).
• balančak small child.
• balar slime, mire, silt. [cf. Khak balïr]
• balar former, ex, old. [LM balar]
• balara- to have aching muscles.
• balaš- to obliterate one another.
• balaš- to soil each other, to make each other dirty.
• balat- to let erase, blot out; to let cross out, to strike out.
• baldï [bahldï] axe. [<CT *balto, LM balta]
• baldïr [bahldïr] calf of the leg; money; baldïrï dïŋzïg rich, prosperous, well-to-do. [<CT *baltïr]
• balïg wound; scab; balïg kiži wounded person. [<CT *ba:lïg]
• balïgla- to injure, to wound; of a wound to occur. [<NE *balïgla-]
• balïglaaškïn wound, injury, wounding.
• balïglat- to be wounded, to get wounded.
• balïglattïr- to be wounded, to get wounded.
• balïïrgan- to feel pain (of a wound), to be sensitive to pain.
• balïk fish; sööktüg balïk ide (carp); balïk tïvïïškïn fishing, the catching of fish; balïk münü fish soup; balïk üzü fish oil; balïk üürgenezi fish roe. [<CT *ba:lïk]
• balïkčï fisherman. [<CT *ba:lïkčï]
• balïkta- to fish, to catch fish.
• balïktïg rich in fish, teeming with fish; balïktïg xöl lake rich in fish. [<CT *ba:lïklïg]
• bar there is, present; ïndïg dürüm bar there is such a regulation; mende ol nom bar I have that book. [<CT *ba:r]
• bar [< baar] going; ahttïg ulus bar čïdïr the horsemen moved away. [< *barar]
• bar- (baar) to go, to go a way, to leave, to part; -(I)p bar- auxiliary verb indicating ‘being in a situation’; -(I)p bar čït- to go to, to go away; men čoruy bardïm I left; aht maŋnap čoruy bargan the horse had run away; közülbeyn bar- to be invisible; kančap bardïŋ? what is the matter with you?; ašakka bar- (of a woman) to marry; bažï-bile bar- to be lacking, missing, lost; baardï s/he went. [<CT *bar-]
• bar-čok scanty, small, trifle.
• bar-čoktug scanty, small, trifle.
• bara fish-trap. [cf. Khak para]
• baraan goods, stuff, ware, merchandise. [LM baraγa(n)]
• baraan outline, contours, silhouette; baraan bol- to serve; čonunga baaraan bol- to serve the people. [LM baraγa(n)]
• baraanna- to go to buy goods.
• baraanna- to watch, to observe.
• baraban drum. [←Rus baraban]
• baraskan poor person, pauper; inhabitant.
• barba bag of goat leather.
• bardam impudent, coarse; arrogant, conceited, presumptious; irascible. [LM bardam]
• bardamna- to be arrogant, conceited; to boast of one’s strength (in games, wrestling). [LM bardamna-]
• barï presence, availability, on hand, cash; akšanïŋ barï cash money; erge-žok čugula baydaldarnïŋ barï the presence of indispensable conditions.
• barïïn western; right-winged (politics). [LM baraγun]
• barïk almost. [LM baruγ]
• barïmdaa base, basis; reason, grounds, cause; proof, argument; evidence, certificate; kandïg-daa barïmdaa čokka without any reason; barïmdaaï čül? on what grounds?; škola dooskanïnïŋ barïmdaazï a certificate of having completed school. [LM barimta]
• barïmdaala- to be based or founded on; to observe, to keep to, to take into account, to stick to; dürümnü barïmdaala- to observe the rules. [LM barimtala-]
• bas- [bahs-] to press; to suppress, to repress; to destroy, to obliterate; to tread, to step; to amble; to pull or press the trigger, to shoot; kattïŋ suun sï bas- to squeeze out the juice of berries; demdek bas- to stamp, to brand; bazar aht ambler; bazar čüve pistol. [<CT *bas-]
• baska hammer.
• baskaktan- [bahskaktan-] to sit cross-legged.
• baskïïš step, footstep; pedal; key; metal or horn badge (for fastening the seat to the saddle frame).
• baskïlaš- to be heaped or piled up, to be loaded with.
• baskïlaštïr- to heap up, to pile, to load with.
• bastïg-: xaram bastïg- to have a nightmare.
• bastïr- to oppress, to lower; to abuse; to be oppressed; to thresh (grain); to step; to amble. [<CT *bastur-]
• baš [bahš] head; top, summit; end, tip; ear (of grain); head (counter for livestock); beginning, origin, source; -NIŋ bažïnda on top of, at the head of; bažïndan from the beginning; sigen bažï ear of grass; dag bažï mountain top; xem bažï the upstream part of a river; baš teyi crown of the head; baš söögü skull; baš šüürü comb; baš muŋgaš dead end, situation with no way out. [<CT *baš]
• baš-tenider puzzle, conundrum.
• baška [bahška] besides, except for; senden baška except for you; boordan baška except for its being. [<CT *baška]
• baškala- to separate, to isolate.
• baškalaaškïn separation, isolation, section division.
• baškalan- to get rid of, to shake off, to throw off.
• baškalančak separate, isolated from.
• baškalandïr- to separate, to isolate.
• baškar- [bahškar-] to manage, to regulate, to put right; to equip, to fit out (for a journey); to steer; kudumču šimčeeškinin baškar- to regulate the trafic; korabldi baškar- to steer the ship. [<CT *baškar-]
• baškarïkčï manager; leader.
• baškart- to let manage, regulate, equip, steer.
• baškï [bahškï] teacher. [<CT *baxšï, cf. LM baγsi ←Ch]
• baškï first; front-, anterior; initial.
• baškïla- to teach, to educate.
• baškïlaaškïn education.
• bašta- to lead, to direct, to govern, to be at the head of, to guide; baštaar organnar authorities; baštaar čer government. [<CT *bašla-]
• baštak [bahštak] witty, humerous, comic; joke, humour; joker, jester. [<CT *baštak]
• baštaktan- to make jokes, to tease.
• baštaktanïš- to tell jokes to one another.
• baštal- to be in the ear, to form ears (of grass).
• baštalga guidance, leadership.
• baštaŋgï [bahštaŋgï] bridal veil.
• baštat- to entrust the leadership.
• baštay for the first time; eŋ-ne baštaygï very first, initial.
• baštïg with a head, headed; with a leader; wise. [<CT *bašlïg]
• baštïŋ [bahštïŋ] leader, head; the leader (in a herd); aymaktïŋ baštïŋï leader of the clan.
• baštïŋčï leader, chief; ažïlčï čonnuŋ baštïŋčïzï leader of the working people; klass baštïŋčï baškïzï class teacher.
• bat- [baht-] to go down, to descend, to plunge, to sink, to flow; kudu bat- to walk downstream. [<CT *bat-]
• bay rich; a rich person; čuduruk bay rich farmer (cf. Rus kulak). [<CT *ba:y]
• bayaatan (~ bayat) rich person.
• baybaŋ garrulous, talkative; talkativeness, garrulity; unduly familiar (behaviour).
• baydal position, status, state, condition, circumstance, situation. [LM bayidal]
• baydaldïg situated, located, being in a position; berge baydaldïg being in a difficult position; eki baydaldïg being in a good position.
• bayï- to be or become rich. [<CT *ba:yu-]
• bayïïrga- to take pride in one’s wealth, to boast. [LM bayarqa-]
• bayïr festivity; greeting, welcome; bayïr čedir- to welcome, to greet, to congratulate. [LM bayar]
• bayïrla- to celebrate; to greet. [LM bayarla-]
• bayïrlal holiday, festivity. [LM bayarlal]
• bayïrlïg festive, ceremonial; greeting, welcoming; goodbye; bayïrlïg xural ceremonial meeting; bayïrlïg telegramma welcoming telegram; bayïrlïg ešter! goodbye, friends! [cf. LM bayartai]
• bayïsaa- (~ baysaa-) to interrogate, to question. [LM baičaγa-]
• bayïsaakčï (~ baysaakčï) investigator. [LM baičaγaγči]
• bayïsaalga (~ baysaalga) interrogation, examination. [LM baičağalğa]
• bayïsaat- to be interrogated.
• bayït- to make rich. [<CT *ba:yut-]
• bayla- to come to an end, to become empty (of a glass).
• baylak rich; richness, wealth; resources, treasures; baylak čurt rich land; boydus baylaktarï natural resources; materialdïg baylaktar material resources; ištiki baylaktarnï mobilizastaarï mobilisation of internal resources; kazïmal baylaktar useful resources.
• baylaŋ fry, young fish.
• baytïk not only. [cf. LM baituγai]
• bayza boundary post.
• baza [bahza] and, still, more, yet, another, already; saazïn baza karandaš paper and pencil; baza bir kiži keldi another person came; meŋee baza nomdan bir ber give me yet another book. [LM basa]
• bazïm [bahzïm] step.
• bazïmča [bahzïmča] insult, abuse. [LM basumji]
• bazïmčala- [bahzïmčala-] to humiliate, to abase, to insult, to offend, to abuse; to mock, to jeer at; to consider weak, feeble; ol meni bazïmčalaaš šïdïraaga utturupkan s/he beat me at chess and considered me weak.
• bazïn- (bastïr) to humiliate, to abase, to insult, to offend, to mock, to jeer at. [<CT *basïn-]
• bazïr- to press. [<CT *basur-]
• bazïtkïïš metal or horn badge (for fastening the seat to the saddle frame).
• baža brother-in-law (wife’s sister’s husband). [<CT *ba:ča]
• bažalaš- to be or become brothers-in-law.
• bažalïškïlar (~ bažaškïlar) brothers-in-law (husbands of sisters).
• bažï-kurlug index finger (in games).
• bažïŋ house, log hut, building; prison, jail; škola bažïŋï school building; bažïŋ adrezi home address; bažïŋ xerekselderi household utensils; bažïŋga kir- to go to prison; bažïŋ kižizi prisoner, inmate. [LM baising]
• bažïŋna- to be in prison, to be locked up in jail.
• bažïŋnan- to own a house, building.
• bažïŋnat- to get locked up in prison.

BE

• be mare. [<CT *be:]
• be question particle.
• bedi- to become high, to rise, to be raised. [<CT *bedü-]
• bedik high, tall; height, mountain; bedik dag high mountain; bedik kiži tall person; bedik ün high voice. [<CT *bedik]
• bedit- to raise, to heighten, to lift; sugnuŋ deŋnelin bedit- to raise the water level. [<CT *bedüt-]
• beer hither, here; since; beer kel come here; nomnarnï beer ekkel bring the books here; ïŋay-beer thither and hither; ol üyden beer since that time; oon beer since then; dagnïŋ beer iyi the slope on this side of the mountain. [<CT *be:rü]
• beergi since; šagdan beergi, ür üyeden beergi long time since; čooktan beergi recently.
• beerle- to approach, to come near (to the speaker).
• beerlet- to draw near.
• beg beg (historical title); father-in-law; husband’s elder brother. [<CT *beg]
• bege [behke] Indian ink. [LM beke ←Ch]
• bege [behke] blight, smut (a crop disease).
• begele- (of cereals) to be affected by blight, smut.
• bek [behk] strong; chains, fetters. [<CT *bek]
• bekte- to consolidate, to strengthen, to fasten. [<CT *bekle-]
• bekteg oppression.
• bektel (~ bektelge) fetters; yoke, oppression; captivity; kolonialdïg bektel colonial yoke.
• bekten- to hold on to, to press oneself against, to strengthen. [<CT *beklen-]
• bektet- to let consolidate, strengthen, fasten. [<CT *beklet-]
• bel waist; slope (at the foot of a mountain). [<CT *be:l]
• bel salmon-trout. [<NE *bel]
• bel-keš (~ bel-kežik) lower part of the body.
• belde- to go past the mountain slope.
• belde- to fish for salmon-trout.
• beldir [behldir] confluence, crossroads, junction; knot; xem beldiri confluence of rivers; oruk beldirinde at the crossroads. [<CT *beltir]
• beldirleš- (of rivers or roads) to come together, to join, to form a confluence, junction.
• belek gift, present; belekke ber- to give as a present. [LM beleg]
• belen easy; ready. [LM belen]
• belen-selen that easily; ol belen-selen utpas s/he won’t forget so easily. [LM belen-ĵelen]
• beleŋgiš mountain terrace.
• beletke- to prepare; to acquire, to purchase; bažïŋnï kïška udur beletke- to prepare the house for winter. [LM beledke-]
• beletkel purveyence, procurement; preparation, acquirement; beletkel punktuzu purveying centre, procurement station. [LM beledkel]
• beletken- to prepare oneself.
• beliŋči afraid, scared. [<CT *beliŋči]
• beliŋne- to run up to, to jump; to give a start; to give a shriek. [<CT *beliŋle-]
• beliŋnet- to make afraid, to scare.
• ber- (beer) to give; bo nomnu meŋee ber give me this book; sös ber- to give one’s word; čöpšeerel ber- to give permission; üleger ber- to give an example; -A/-I/-y ber- (inchoative auxiliary); bižiy berdim I started writing; -(I)p ber- (benefactive auxiliary); meŋee adïŋ čugaalap ber tell me your name; beeriniiŋ padeži dative case. [<CT *be:r-]
• berdin- to give oneself up, to surrender; to be given.
• berdingen true, loyal, devoted.
• berdir- to transfer to, to hand down, to forward, to let give; čagaanï akïmdan berdirdim I forwarded the writing through my elder brother. [<CT *be:rdür-]
• berge [behrge] heavy, difficult; hardship, trouble. [LM berke]
• bergede- to be in difficulties, to find difficulty in; to become difficult, hard, complicated. [LM berked-]
• bergedet- to make difficult, hard, complicated.
• berimče blessing, boon; donation.
• berimčelig beneficial, abundant; generous, liberal; berimčelig čay a lavish summer.
• beriš- to touch; to bother; to tease; bo nomnar-bile berišpeŋer don’t you touch these books; ït-bile berišpe don’t tease the dog. [<CT *beriš-]
• bert [behrt] (a place) difficult to pass. [<CT *berk]
• bert- [behrt-] to mutilate, to cripple, to maim. [<CT *bert-]
• berten this morning. [< bo erten]
• bertik mutilation, maiming; dislocation (of a joint); break, fracture (of a limb).
• berttin- to be maimed, injured. [<CT *bertin-]
• berttindir- to maim.
• bes a species of edible bulb (Erythronium). [<NE *bes]
• bes gland; čaraa bezi salivary gland [<CT *be:z]
• bestig-baarzïk pancreas.
• beš five; beški fifth. [<CT *be:š]
• beš-adar rifle.
• beti [behti] this side; front, before; xem betinde at this side of the river; betinge near, on this side of; šuugaar betinde as concerns gossip, with respect to gossip. [Tofa beht]
• bezerek insufficient, inadequate; premature, born prematurely; defective; bezerek kïl- to do inadequately, to leave uncompleted. [LM besereg]
• bezin even, yet; ol bezin kelbeen-dir s/he has not come yet. [Tofa bezin]
• beželee(n) five together, the five of, fivesome.
• bežen fifty; bežengi fiftieth. [<NE *beš + *on]
• bežennig being fifty years of age.

BI

• biče small, little, petty; youngest, junior; biče setkil modesty; biče setkildig modest; biče oglu his/her youngest son; biče leytenant junior lieutenant; biče buržuaziya petty bourgoisie; biče öreelge orun sal put the bed in the small room.
• biče-böövey little finger.
• biče-salaa little finger.
• biče-šöömey little finger.
• bičežek small, insignificant (e.g. of size).
• bičele- to become little or small, to lessen, to decrease, to diminish.
• bičelet- to make little or small, to lessen, to decrease, to reduce; to belittle, to depreciate.
• bičii small, little; a little, a bit, a trifle, slightly; bičii ool small boy; bičii ïnay quite small, insignificant; bičii balïk small fish.
• bii-sarïg a species of songbird.
• biiže whetting stone.
• bil- to know, to get to know; to be aware of, to recognize; to understand; to know to, to know how, to be able to; ïlap bil- to know exactly; utkazïn bil- to know or understand the meaning of it; nomčup bil- to be able to read; bilbes men I don’t know, I don’t know how. [<CT *bil-]
• bilbeečeŋne- to pretend not to know, to feign ignorance.
• bildi knowledge; magical powers.
• bildilig knowledgeable; possessing magical powers.
• bildin- to be evident, visible, noticeable, to appear.
• bildinček well-known, generally known; clear, comprehensible.
• bildingir understandable, comprehensible, clear; söstüŋ utkazï bildingir the meaning of the word is clear.
• bildinmes unknown, unclear, not understood; ooŋ kažan keliri bildinmes it is unknown when s/he will come.
• bildir- to let know, to make known, to inform, to notify, to report. [<CT *bildür-]
• bildirt- to let know, to make known, to inform, to notify, to report.
• bile and, together with; by means of; (adverbaliser: noun + pos3 + bile); olčaanï-bile in the same way, likewise; üzüü-bile chunk-wise; büzürediri-bile convincingly; kiddingly. [<CT *bi:rle]
• bilek wrist. [<CT *bilek]
• bilek as soon as; xün üneri bilek, bis ažïlday bergen we started working as soon as the sun rose.
• bilekte- to take by the wrist.
• bilekteeš bracelet. [Khak pĭlektes]
• bilig knowledge; idea, notion, conception; education; xanï bilig profound knowledge; bilig – küš knowledge is power. [<CT *bilig]
• biliglig educated, learned, erudite. [<CT *biliglig]
• bilikse- to want to know. [<CT *bilikse-]
• bilin- (minnir) to feel, to have the sensation of, to sense, to be aware; to come to one’s senses; to recognise, to admit, to own up to. [<CT *bilin-]
• bilindir- to persuade, to convince; to make aware; to bring to one’s senses; to subdue. [<CT *bilin-]
• bilindirig persuasion.
• bilindiriiškin persuasion.
• bilinmeste- to lose consciousness; to lose sensitivity, to become numb; xolum bilinmestey berdi my hand grew numb.
• biliš- (bilčir) to understand each other. [<CT *biliš-]
• bilzek ring. [<CT *bilezük]
• bir one; once; bir dugaar first; bir katap once; bir kiži someone; bir čüve something; bir čerde someplace, somewhere, at a certain place; bir šagda once, at a certain time; bir xün one day; bir-le some; any; a certain; a bit, a time; bir-le čer someplace; bir-le kör- to look a bit, to throw a glance; bir eves if; birgi first. [<CT *bi:r]
• birde sometimes, at times; birde čahs-daa čaar, birde xar-daa čaap keer at times it rains, at times it snows. [Khak pĭrde]
• birde-birde now ... now, sometimes ... sometimes, at one moment ... at another.
• biree one, single; any; bireezi one of; bireede at first; bireezinden ïrakta far from any of them. [<CT *bi:regü]
• birik- to unite, to come together; to go on well. [<CT *bi:rik-]
• biriktir- to unite, to bring together.
• bis the sharp or point (of a knife, needle); knife; bižek bizi the sharp of a knife; ine bizi the point of a needle. [<CT *bi:z]
• bis [bihs] we; bisti us; bistiŋ our; biske to us; biste at us; bisten from us; bisče towards us; bistive towards us; bistii ours; bistii-bile according to us. [<CT *biz]
• bistig sharp, cutting.
• biyee far, past; the same, the very one; biyee šagda in the past; biyee artist that same artist; biyeede in the past; biyeegi the aforementioned. [<CT *baya]
• biyeek long ago.
• biyir brush (for paint, glue, etc). [LM bir ←Ch]
• bize- to whet, sharpen; karandaš bize- to sharpen a pencil; xiree bize- to sharpen a saw. [Khak pĭze-]
• bizeŋ mountain crest.
• bizet- to let whet, sharpen.
• bizirer- to huddle together, to gather in one place, to concentrate, to flock, to cluster.
• bizirt crowded, dense, congested; much, in bulk, a lot of; xovuda mal bizirt there is much livstock in the steppes.
• bižeeči clerk. [LM bičigeči]
• bižek [bihžek] knife; bižek sïvï the haft of a knife. [<CT *bi:ček]
• bižekte- to cut or stab with a knife.
• bižekten- to cut or stab oneself with a knife.
• biži- [bihži-] to write; čagaa biži- to write a leter; šülük biži- to write poetry. [LM biči-]
• bižigle- to write a letter. [LM bičigle-]
• bižiirge- to feel shy, timid, bashful, embarrassed; to be confused.
• bižiirgeečel shy, timid, bashful, diffident; unsociable.
• bižiirget- to confuse, to embarrass.
• bižiiškin a writing, a sign.
• bižik [bihžik] writing, a piece of writing, letter; tïva bižik Tuvan writing; bižik bilbes oruk illiteracy. [LM bičig]
• bižiktig written, having a writing.
• bižimel (hand)writing, handwritten. [LM bičimel]
• bižiš- to write to each other, to correspond.
• bižit- to let write.

BÏ

• bïdaa groats; soup (from groats); porridge; ak bïdaa rice; milk soup; milk porridge. [LM budaγa(n)]
• bïdaala- to eat soup; to add to the soup (as an ingredient). [LM budaγala-]
• bïdara- [bïhdara-] to disperse, to dissipate, to get scattered; čük bïdara- to get scattered in all directions (e.g. of livestock). [LM butara-]
• bïdarat- to disperse, to dissipate, to scatter.
• bïdargay [bïhdargay] dispersed, scattered, dissipated, sparse. [LM butarqai]
• bïdï- to be or become lice-ridden.
• bïgïn [bïhgïn] side, edge (lower part); flank, groin; bïktï ts side. [<CT *bïkïn]
• bïgïnna- [bïhgïnna-] to snap to the side (with the teeth) (e.g. of a horse when tightening the saddle girth); to find fault with, to pick on, to nag at.
• bïktïš narrow, tight, crowded, cramped, packed.
• bïktïža- to be narrow, tight, crowded, cramped, packed.
• bïlaa- to take away by force. [LM buliya-]
• bïlaaš argument, dispute, lawsuit.
• bïlaaš- to try to capture, to take away from each other by force; murnun bïlaaš- to try to outstrip one another.
• bïlaaštïg arguable, disputable; bïlaaštïg xerek disputable matter.
• bïlaat kerchief. [←Rus plat]
• bïlaat- to let take away by force.
• bïlaattïr- to let take away by force.
• bïlča- [bïhlča-] to smear, to soil, to stain, to dirty. [LM bilča-]
• bïlčak [bïhlčak] dirty, soiled, stained; blot, smudge; daub. [<CT *balčïk]
• bïlčakta- to smear, to soil, to stain, to dirty; to write illegibly.
• bïlčaktaš- to smear, soil, stain, dirty one another.
• bïlčaš- to smear, soil, stain, dirty one another.
• bïlčat- to let smear, soil, stain, dirty.
• bïlda [bïhlda] fuse (for igniting an explosive). [LM bilta]
• bïlda- to evade, to avoid, to shun, to shirk, to dodge; to cover one’s tracks; (of a bullet) to miss, to be beside the mark; (of a horse) to shy. [LM bulta-]
• bïldaačal evasive (in answering), dodgy.
• bïldaaškïn evasion; bïldaaškïn čokka xarïïla- to answer without evasion.
• bïldala- to ignite with a fuse.
• bïldalïg having a fuse; bïldalïg boo gun having a fuse.
• bïldamïk evasive, dodgy.
• bïldamïkta- to evade, to avoid, to shun, to shirk, to dodge.
• bïldamïš evasive, dodgy.
• bïldat- to let evade, avoid.
• bïlga- to wave; to stir, to agitate; to outwit; xol bïlga- to wave the hand. [<CT *bulga-]
• bïlga- to smear, to daub; to rinse, to wash by moving something to and fro through the water. [LM bulqa-]
• bïlgaaš mixer, stirring rod (for stirring grain when roasting it).
• bïlgamïk inclined to muddling up.
• bïlgamïkta- to delude, to mislead, to muddling up; to evade, to avoid, to shun, to shirk, to dodge.
• bïlgaš- to help wave, stir, agitate.
• bïlgat- to let wave, stir, agitate.
• bïlgï snorting (of a horse).
• bïlgïr- [bïhlgïr-] to snort (of horses).
• bïlgïrt- to let snort.
• bïra lever (for lifting heavy objects), support; bïra ïyažï supporting beam.
• bïra species of grey steppe partridge.
• bïra the first ice at the banks on a river, sludge ice.
• bïraat Buryat. [LM buriyad]
• bïrala- to lever something up.
• bïralaš- to help lever something up.
• bïralat- to let lever something up.
• bïragda- to become covered with ice, to freeze over, (of a river) to freeze at the banks.
• bïraš- to match, to be equal, to not be inferior (in power, skill); to cope with, to manage, to handle.
• bïrdaan Berdan rifle. [←Rus berdanka]
• bïrïstaa verst. [←Rus versta]
• bïrïš- (of clothes) to wrinkle, to cockle up.[<CT *bürüš-]
• bïrïškak wrinkle, crease; in wrinkles, creased; warped.
• bïrïštïr- to wrinkle (the face), to make a wry face; to crease (material, paper).
• bïrïžaŋna- to twitch, to grimace, to make faces.
• bïrïžaŋnat- to let twitch, grimace, make faces.
• bïrlagar covered with a surge (of waves); wavy.
• bïrlaŋ ripple(s), surge (of waves).
• bïrlaŋayïn- to ripple, to be covered by a surge (of waves); xöl bïrlaŋaynïp čïtkan the lake was covered by surges of waves.
• bïrlaŋna- to ripple, to be covered by a surge (of waves).
• bïrlaŋnaaš ripple(s), surge (of waves).
• bïrlaŋnat- to cause to ripple, to cause to be covered by a surge (of waves); xat sugnu *bïrlaŋnadïp tur the wind caused the water to ripple.
• bïrtak [bïhrtak] mucus, slime; weed.
• bïrtaktal- to be overgrown by weed.
• bïrtaktïg mucous, slimy.
• bïržï [bïhržï] scratch, trace of a wound.
• bïskan [bïhskan] powder snow, soft snow; bïskan xar newly fallen snow.
• bïskanna- of powder snow to fall, of snow to freshly fall; oruktu xar bïskannapkan snow has freshly fallen on the road.
• bïskannïg covered with powder snow.
• bïstan piston, percussion cap. [←Rus piston]
• bïstannïg having a piston, percussion cap.
• bïš- [bïhš-] to cut, to cut out; xep bïžarï the act of cutting out. [<CT *bïč-]
• bïš- to churn (butter), to mix, to whisk, to whip (e.g. sour milk during the preparation of kumys). [< CT *bïš-]
• bïš- [bïhš-] to become ripe, mature, to ripen, to mature (of berries, grain); to boil, to cook (of water or food). [<CT *bïš-]
• bïškak [bïhškak] animal skin with the paws. [Khak pïsxax]
• bïškï spaddle for skimming the milk; spaddle for cutting the hardened cheese in squares or rounds, churn staff; piston. [<CT *bïšku]
• bïškïïš spaddle for cutting the hardened cheese in squares or rounds, churn staff.
• bïškïr- to sneeze. [Khak pïsxïr-]
• bïškïrïš- to sneeze several times.
• bïštak cheese (from sheep’s milk).
• bïštakta- to make cheese (from sheep’s milk).
• bïštaktal- (of milk) to turn to cheese.
• bïštïr- [bïhš-] to let cut, to let cut out. [<CT *bïčtur-]
• bït [bïht] louse. [<CT *bït]
• bïtta- to remove the lice; to do with great care, to do thoroughly.
• bïttïg infested with lice.
• bïyirgïn light rash on the skin; scattered (of a rash, freckles); small, fine; bïyïrgïn činčiler small beads.
• bïyirgïnna- to be covered with a rash.
• bïza- [bïhza-] to strew with, to powder with.
• bïzaa one-year-old calf; mïygak bïzaazï fawn of the maral deer; sarlïk bïzaa yak calf; bïzaa ažaakčïzï, bïzaa kažaazï calf-shed. [<CT *buzagu]
• bïzaala- to calve; to drive up the calves. [<CT *buzagula-]
• bïzaalaaškïn calving.
• bïzaalïg having a calf; bïzaalïg inek cow having a calf.
• bïzaančï [bïhzaančï] Tuvan spike fiddle.
• bïzaančïla- to play the spike fiddle.
• bïzam a pinch of (usually said of products like flour and groats for seasoning broth).
• bïzaŋ carpenter; joiner. [LM muĵan ←Ch]
• bïzaŋčï carpenter; joiner.
• bïzaŋčïla- to work as a carpenter, joiner.
• bïzaŋna- to work as a carpenter, joiner.
• bïžar [bïhžar] measles.
• bïžar-dumaa [bïhžar-dumaa] smallpox.
• bïžï- [bïhžï-] to become strong, firm, to consolidate.
• bïžïg strong, stiff, hard, firm, solid; bïžïg ïyaš hard wood; bïžïg pös strong fabric; bïžïg taybïŋ stable peace; bïžïg biligler sound knowledge; bïžïg soruk strong will; bïžïg soruktug strong willed. [<CT *bïšïg]
• bïžïgla- to strengthen, to consolidate, to secure, to fasten, to fix; algan biliglerni bïžïgla- to commit to memory what one has learned.
• bïžïglaaškïn strengthening, consolidation; šöl bïžïglaaškïn (military) securing of the terrain.
• bïžïglakčï fixing agent, fixer.
• bïžïglal strengthening, consolidation, securing, fastening, fixing.
• bïžïglan- to firmly hold oneself on to.
• bïžïglanïïškïn strengthening, consolidation.
• bïžïglaš- to help strengthen, consolidate, secure, fasten, to strengthen together.
• bïžïk- [bïhžïk-] to become strong, firm, to consolidate; Sovyet Evileliniŋ bügü-delegey baydalï ulam-na bïžïga bergen the international position of the Sovet Union has become stronger.
• bïžïkčï tailor’s cutter.
• bïžïkčïla- to cut with a tailor’s cutter.
• bïžïktïr- to strengthen, to consolidate; küš-ažïlčïdïŋ sagïlga-čurumnu bïžïktïr- to strengthen the working discipline.
• bïžïlgak [bïhžïlgak] nappy rash.
• bïžïlgan [bïhžïlgan] nappy rash. [<CT *bïčïlgan]
• bïžïlganna- (of babies) to suffer from nappy rash.
• bïžïn- (bïštïr) (of babies) to suffer from nappy rash. [cf. CT *bïčïl-]
• bïžïndï a piece cut off.
• bïžïr- to bake, to broil, to roast; to work thoroughly through the end; xuužuur bïžïr- to bake pancakes; xleb bïžïr- to bake bread; eht bïžïr- to roast meat; iletkeldi bïžïrïp al- to work thoroughly through the lecture. [<CT *bïšur-]
• bïžïrïkčïzï: xleb bïžïrïkčïzï baker.
• bïžïrïmčalïg [bïhžïrïmčalïg] detailed, thorough; šuptuzun bïžïrïmčalïg boda- to think everything over in detail.
• bïžïrïmčïlïg detailed, thorough.
• bïžïrïš- to help bake, broil, roast.
• bïžïrt- to let cook, bake, broil, roast. [<CT *bïšurt-]
• bïžït- to make stronger, to strengthen, to consolidate; Sovyet Evileliniŋ küčüzün bïžït- to consolidate the power of the Sovet Union.

BO

• bo this; bo-la thus, and, often; bolar these; you (polite form plural); bolarlar these; mooŋ of this; monu this; maŋaa (~ maa) to this, hither; mïnda in this, here; moon from this, hence; boduva here, in this direction; bože here, in this direction; moom this thing of mine, this which belongs to me (lit. my this); mooŋ this thing of yours; moozu this thing of his/hers/theirs; moovus this thing of ours; mooŋar this thing of yours; bo doraan immediately; bo mïnčaar and such, and others; bo kiži my spouse; seni bo-la saktïp keer čordum I often reminded you. [<CT *bo:]
• bočurga bud.
• boda unit of livestock; chessman, piece (in chess); large (of cattle, grain); mïyïstïg boda mal large horned cattle; boda taraa coarse grain (e.g. wheat in comparison to millet). [LM boda]
• boda- to think, to consider, to assume; to think of; to solve (a problem); men bodaarïmga in my opinion; bodaarga when considering, when comparing to; düün xünge bodaarga, bögün čïlïg-dïr when comparing yesterday to today, today is warmer; san boda- to solve an arithmetical problem; meni baza bodaŋar think of me, keep me in mind, don’t forget about me. [LM bodu-]
• bodagan [bohdagan] foal of a camel. [LM botuγa ~ botuγu(n)]
• bodaganna- of a female camel to foal.
• bodagïla- to think over and over.
• bodal thought; idea; opinion; čaa bodal new idea; bažïmga oon aytïrar-dïr dep bodal kire xonup keldi the thought came to my head to ask him about this; meeŋ bodalïm mïndïg such is my opinion. [LM bodul]
• bodalčï thinker.
• bodaldïg with the thought, idea, intention of; intelligent; öörenir bodaldïg keldim I came with the intention to learn.
• bodalga (arithmetical) task, problem; čiik bodalga easy task; berge bodalga difficult task; bodalga nomu book of mathematical tasks. [LM bodulγa]
• bodamča care, caution, prudence; circumspection; thoughtfulness. [LM bodumĵi]
• bodamčalïg careful, prudent, thoughtful.
• bodan- to think over, to consider, to ponder, to contemplate, to reflect; to change one’s mind.
• bodandïr- to let think over, consider; to force someone to change his mind.
• bodangïr quick-witted, sharp, bright.
• bodanïïškïn consideration, contemplation, reflection.
• bodara- to grow, to be propagated, disseminated.
• bodarat- to raise, to propagate, to disseminate.
• bodaš- to think, consider, solve together; to worry about one another.
• bodat- to make or let think, consider; to set to solve (a problem, task).
• bodattïn- to think over, to consider, to ponder, to contemplate, to reflect; to change one’s mind.
• bodattïngïr easily solved, light (e.g. of a task).
• bodattïr- to make or let think, consider; to set to solve (a problem, task).
• bodavïže certainly, evidently, obviously, must be; bodavïže, ol čedip kelgen obviously, he came.
• bodu self-, auto-; bodu bižiir xereksel recording instrument; bodu čoruur self-propelled; bodu čoruur kombayn self-propelled combine; bodu öörengen self-taught, self-educated person.
• bog- (boor) to fasten a noose, to tie a knot; to strangle, to smother, to throttle, to choke; to block up, to dam (a ditch); to slaughter; booy baglan- to wrap (a scarf) around one’s neck; xuragan bog- to slaughter a lamb. [<CT *bog-]
• bogaa fur scarf, boa. [cf. CT *bukagu]
• bogaa ring (of a scythe).
• bogaala- to tie a fur scarf around the neck.
• bogaalan- to put on a fur scarf, to put on a necktie.
• bogaalïg having a scarf; bogaalïg bora xartïga white-necked falcon.
• bogba yearling foal.
• bogda Buddha, god, saint; holy, sacred; bogda šažïnï Buddhism; aa bogda! oh god! [LM boγda]
• bogdara god!
• bogdun- to be tied, to be tightened (e.g. of a bag filled with grain); to be strangled, to be hung; to be blocked up (of a ditch); to be slaughtered (e.g. of a lamb). [cf. CT *boglun-]
• bogdunčak tied, tied up; bogdunčak xap tied up bag.
• bogdur- to make fasten, tie, strangle, block up, slaughter. [<CT *bogtur-]
• bok debris, rubbish, waste, litter, refuse, trash, sweepings, filth; taraa bogu chaff; bok ünüš, bok sigen weeds; bok xaaržaa dustbin. [LM boγ]
• bokara [bohkara] god!
• bok-čam debris, rubbish, waste, litter, refuse, trash.
• bok-sak goods and chattels, belongings; rubbish, waste, litter. [LM boγ-saγ]
• bok-saktïg having goods and chattels, belongings; covered with rubbish, waste, litter.
• bokta- to gather one’s belongings; to clean the grain from chaff; to rob.
• boktal- to be littered up; (of a field) to be overgrown with weeds.
• boktaldïr- to litter, to scatter rubbish.
• boktalïïškïn blockage; pollution.
• boktan- to taste, to get a snack or bite; to beg, to live by begging.
• boktara [bohktara] god!; aa boktara! oh my god!
• boktattïn- to taste, to get a snack, bite; to beg, to live by begging.
• boktug covered with debris, rubbish, waste, litter, refuse; covered with chaff.
• bol- (bolur ~ boor) to be, to become, to constitute; to happen, to occur, to take place; to be sufficient, fine, will do; bögün ayas xün boldu today was clear day; taraa ažaalgazï bügü čonnuŋ xeree bolur the harvesting of grain is matter of national importance; boop megelen-, boop al- to pretend to be, to feign; aarïg boop al- to pretend to be ill; yozulug kiži bol- to become a genuine human being; dün ortuzu bolgan it had become midnight; čay bolu bergen it had become summer; sook bolu bergen it became cold; xay bolgan-dïr misfortune came about; daarta xural bolur tomorrow there will be a meeting; beš arïnnï nomčuzuŋza bolur reading five pages will do; -(I)p bol- potential auxiliary; bižip bolur s/he is able to write; kirip bolur be? is it allowed to enter?; ažïldap bolur arga the possibility to work; kiržip bolur it is possible to participate; boor probably, likely; ol kelir boor it is likely s/he will come; -daa čüü boor, -daa čüzü boor as for; bolur-bolbas now it is, now it is not; bolur-bolbazï possibility; bolbaan! stop that! leave it!; bolbayn! why not! sure!; bolbayn bargan s/he did not succeed. [<CT *bo:l-]
• bola- to go this way, to heed for a certain direction.
• bolaada near at hand, here-about, close by.
• bolaaga near at hand, here-about, close by.
• bolat steel, damask steel; bolat bižek steel sword. [LM bolad ←Ir]
• bolbaazïn developed, perfect, excellent. [LM bolbasun]
• bolbaazïra- to be developed, improved. [LM bolbasura-]
• bolbaazïraaškïn improvement, development, progress.
• bolbaazïrat- to develop, to improve; to progress.
• bolbaazïradïïškïn development, improvement; progress.
• bolbaazïral development, improvement, progress. [LM bolbasural]
• bolbaazïraŋgay developed, improved (e.g. technology, machine-tools). [LM bolbasurangγui]
• bolbas cannot, ought not, impossible, forbidden; ïnčap bolbas one cannot act like that; taakpïlap bolbas it is forbidden to smoke.
• bolbas-la usually, often.
• bolbaspe isn’t it? right?; eki bodanmaska ïndïg bolbaspe that happens when one does not think it over properly, right?
• bolča- to make an appointment to meet; bolčaan čer meeting point. [LM bolĵa-]
• bolčag appointment, meeting; fixed term, date; bolčag kïl- to make an appointment to meet; bolčaanda kelbeen at the appointed time s/he had not come. [LM bolĵaγa]
• bolčaglïg appointed for a meeting, having an appointment; bolčaglïg čerivis the place appointed for our meeting; bolčaglïg ežim the friend whom I have an appointment with; čayïm čok, bir kiži-bile bolčaglïg men I have no time, I have an appointment with someone.
• bolčaš- to agree on an appointment to meet, to fix a place or term for a meeting.
• bolčaytïlïg: bolčaytïlïg bora tey elevation for meeting or observing. [cf. LM bolĵuγatai]
• bolčuksa- to want to defend.
• bolčukču attorney, lawyer, council for the defence.
• bolčukčula- to work as an attorney, lawyer.
• bolčumča hope; possibility, probability.
• bolčumčalïg reliable, probable, possible.
• bolčumčok unreliable, fickle (of a person, the weather).
• boldun- to come to be, to be put in effect, to be realised, fulfilled, to be possible, feasible; boldunarï-bile, boldunar arga-bile as far as possible.
• boldur- to let or cause be or become, to put in effect, to realise, to make possible; čok boldur- to liquidate, to remove; četpesterni čok boldurar xerek it is necessary to remove the deficiencies; udurtulga boldur-, baštalga boldur-, baštayaga boldur- to be guided; kommunistig partiyalar Marksism-Leninizmniŋ öörediin udurtulga boldurup turar the Communist Parties are guided by the study of Marxism-Leninism.
• boldurga [bolhldurga] calf or yak calf in the second year.
• bolgaa- to please, to deign to; boduŋar-la bolgaap körüŋer! suit yourself! [LM bolγuγa-]
• bolgaamča caution, prudence, consideration. [LM bolγuγamĵi]
• bolgaamčalïg careful, prudent, considerate.
• bolgaamčïlal caution, prudence, consideration.
• bolgaamčïlaldïg careful, prudent, considerate.
• bolgaamčïlïg careful, prudent, considerate.
• bolgaamčïlïï caution, prudence, consideration.
• bolgaan- to be cautious, prudent, considerate; to be pacified, to calm down; bolgaanïp kör! that will do! enough!
• bolgaandïr- to let be cautious, prudent, considerate; to pacify, to calm down.
• bolgaattïn- to be cautious, prudent, considerate; to be pacified, to calm down.
• bolgan being; cf. bol-.
• bolgan each, every, any; bolgan-na each, every, any; kiži bolgan-na everybody, everyone, anyone; onu kiži bolgan-na bilir everybody knows this; bolganï-la everyone of them; bolgan bolza as for, concerning. [LM bolγan]
• bolgančok usually, frequently; always, constantly; Kara-ool bibliotekaga bolgančok kičeeldep čedip keer kiži Kara-ool is a person who always goes to the library to study.
• bolgar Bulgarian; bolgar dïl Bulgarian language; bolgarlar Bulgarians.
• bolgaš being; therefore, because, since, so as; and; after, in over (a certain period of time); such as … only; düün bolgaš bögün yesterday and today; bir ay bolgaš within one month; ažïl xöy bolgaš teatrga barïp šïdavaan bis because there is a lot of work, we are unable to go to the theatre; siler bolgaš šïdažïr-dïr siler only people like you can do it.
• bolgay indeed, actually; sen onu bilir-le bolgay sen you do know it.
• boluksa- to want to be; užudukču boluksaan s/he wanted to be a pilot.
• boluš- (bolčur) to defend, to intercede for, to plead for, to act as council for the defence.
• boluštur- to let defend, to let act as council for the defence.
• boluuškun phenomenon; event; case, incident; boydus boluuškunu, boydustuŋ boluuškunu natural phenomenon; niitilel boluuškunu social phenomenon; ulustar arazïnda boluuškunnar international events; ozal-ondaktïg boluuškun accident; solun boluuškun interesting incident; boluuškun nakloneniyezi indicative mood.
• bolza if it is, if there is; if only; as for, concerning; xural bolza if there is a meeting; aŋ xöy bolza, aŋnaar men if there is much game, then I will go hunting; čahs čaggan bolza! if only it would rain!; men bolza as for me; arzïlaŋnar, parlar bolgaş börüler bolza araatan amïtannar lions, tigers and wolves – these are predatory animals; bolza bolgay, bolbaza bolbaay here goes; bolza bolur, bolbaza bolbas maybe yes, maybe no; čok bolza or; kïm-daa bolza whoever; kančap-daa bolza however that may be.
• bolza-daa although, even though, however; küs apargan bolza-daa, ïyaštar am-daa nogaan although autumn has begun, the trees are still green; dün düšken bolza-daa, sïldïstar közülbeyn turgan although night has fallen, the stars were not visible.
• bolzažok although, even though, however.
• bolzun let it be, may it be; that’s enough! enough!; bistiŋ ulug töreen čurtuvus čečektelir bolzun! may our great native land flourish!; ïndïg bolzun may it be thus; xoozun čugaalar bolzun! enough of that empty talking!
• bom precipice of a mountain crest (over a river). [LM boγum]
• bombala- to bombard, to bomb; bombalaar užar čüül bomber aircraft.
• bombalaaškïn bombardment, bombing.
• bombalat- to have bombed; to be bombed.
• bombalakčï bomber; bombalakčï užar čüül bomber aircraft.
• bombalattïr- to have bombed.
• boo gun, rifle; boo unu barrel of a gun; boo budu gun support; boo užazï butt of a gun; boo daažï gun shot; boo-bile boola-, boo-bile at- to shoot with a gun. [LM buu ←Ch]
• boo-čemzek weapon.
• boo-čepsegle- to arm with.
• boo-čepsegleeškin arming.
• boo-čepseglen- to arm oneself.
• boo-čepsegleniiškin arming.
• boo-čepsek weapon; boo-čepsekti düžüreri disarmament.
• boo-čepsektig having a weapon, armed.
• boo-moŋgu weapons, weaponry.
• boodal bundle, batch, package, parcel, bunch; bir boodal čigir a package of sugar; bir boodal karandaš a package of pencils. [LM boγudal]
• boodalga shooting, firing; boodalga čeri (shooting) range, firing range; boodalga margïldaazï rifle competitions.
• boogda- to obstruct, to bar, to block someone’s way, to prevent, to hinder to impede.
• boogdaaškïn obstacle, bar, barrier.
• boogdakčï obstructing, barring, preventing, impeding.
• boogdal obstruction, obstacle, bar, barrier.
• boogdat- to be obstructed, barred, blocked.
• boogdattïr- to be barred, blocked.
• book a certain disease.
• bool- (boglur) (of a knot) to be tied; to choke, to breathe with difficulty; to stop flowing, (of blood) to coagulate; (of a ditch) to become blocked up. [<CT *bogul-]
• boola- to shoot, to hunt with a gun, rifle; boolap ölür- to fusillade; boolap ölüreri execution by shooting.
• boolaaškin shot; shooting.
• boolan- to be shot (down); to shoot oneself.
• boolaš- to exchange fire, to fire at each other.
• boolat- to let shoot, to order to shoot; to be under fire; to be shot down.
• boolattïn- to be shot (down); to shoot oneself.
• boolattïr- to let shoot, to order to shoot; to be under fire; to be shot down.
• boolug with a gun, having a gun, armed with a gun.
• boom precipice of a mountain crest (over a river). [LM boγum]
• boor cf. bog- to strangle, bol- to be, to become.
• boor-čïlan boa constrictor.
• booroŋ probably, likely.
• booroŋna- to amount to nothing but assumptions, to do something on the off-chance.
• boorzak a dish consisting of meat dumplings wrapped in dough. [LM boγursuγ]
• boorzakta- to prepare meat dumplings, to go and buy meat dumplings.
• boos pregnant (animals); phoetus (of animals). [<CT *bogoz, LM boγos]
• boostaa throat; boostaa aarïï sore throat, quincy; boostaa borbaa Adam’s apple; boostaa ederi hiccup; boostaa sokta- to drink, to have a drink, to toss off.
• boostaala- to cut the throat, to strangle.
• boostaalaš- to grasp one another by the throat, to strangle one another.
• boostaalat- to have one’s throat cut, to be strangled.
• boostaalïg noisy; loud-voiced; melodious; eki boostaalïg with a good voice.
• booškun bundle, small package, wad; string; booškun taakpï a wad of tobacco; idik booškunu boot string, shoestring.
• booškunna- to tie into a bundle (of tobacco, tea).
• boova pancake, flat cake fried in oil. [LM boubo]
• boovala- to make pancakes or flat cakes.
• booza- (of domestic animals) to become pregnant, to be impregnated.
• boozaaškïn fertilization (of domestic animals).
• boozadïlga insemination; tarïp boozadïlga artificial insemination of animals.
• boozat- to inseminate, to impregnate.
• bopugur spherical, round; thick, chubby (e.g. of a child); bopugur čaaktarlïg (of a child) having round cheeks; bopugur ool kiddy, chubby litle fellow.
• bopuk soft boots for the smallest children, baby boots.
• bopuŋna- to move, to stir, to puff out, to pout (of something thick and round, e.g. of the cheeks)
• bopuŋnat- to move, to make move, stir (of something thick and round, e.g the cheeks).
• bopuruk cupola (of buildings).
• bopuy- to become round; to swell, to swell up (e.g. of a swelling, tumour).
• bopuyt- to let inflate, swell, puff out.
• bor boron. [←Rus bor]
• bora grey; bora büdün unimportant, mediocre, grey, poorly. [LM boru]
• bora- to soil, to smear, to make dirty; to sweep up, to cover up (tracks); to confuse, to mix up with; xar xarda isti borap kaapkan the wind swept tracks in the snow.
• bora-čïraa wicker, osier.
• bora-kodan grey hare.
• bora-tal grey willow, purple willow.
• bora-toolay grey hare. [LM taulai]
• bora-xaak wicker, osier.
• bora-xirilee (~ bora-xirlee) sparrow.
• bora-xökpeš sparrow.
• boraačal inclined to muddling up.
• boraan overcast, rainy, foul weather. [LM boruγa(n)]
• boraanna- of the weather to become overcast, rainy.
• boraannïg rainy; boraannïg xün rainy day.
• boral- to be soiled, smeared; to be swept up, covered (of tracks).
• borala- to do something in a negligent way, in a hurry, poorly.
• boralan- to live in poverty, in need, to drag a pitiful existence; to put an end to one’s life.
• boraldïr greyish, with a grey nuance; boraldïr-ak greyish-white.
• boralgak whirlpool, maelstrom.
• boralgakta- (of a whirlpool) to whirl, to turn.
• boralgaktal- (of a whirlpool) to whirl, to turn.
• boramïk inclined to muddling up.
• boraŋ bad weather; dregs; turbid, murky (of liquids); boraŋ sug turbid water.
• boraŋ-saraŋ unimportant, poor; swill.
• boraŋna- of the weather to become overcast, rainy; deer boraŋnaaš turup bergen the weather had turned rainy.
• boraŋnalčak turbid, murky.
• boraŋnïg rainy.
• borar- to become grey.
• borart- to make grey.
• borasta- to do something in a negligent way, in a hurry, poorly.
• borastan- to live in poverty, need, to drag a pitiful existence; to put an end to one’s life.
• borastaš- to do something in a negligent way together.
• borastat- to let do something in a negligent way.
• boraš- to be soiled.
• boraštïr- to soil.
• borazïmaar greyish.
• borbaana(y) (~ borbaandï) [bohrbaana(y), bohrbaandï] ball of fur (formed in the stomach of ruminant domestic animals as a result of licking; cattle frequently perish because of this).
• borbak [bohrbak] circular, spherical, round; lump, piece; only; borbak xar snowball; beš borbak čuurga five eggs; iyi borbak čigir two lumps of sugar; iyi borbak kiži čoraan, iyi-le borbak kiži čorutkan only two people had gone; bop-borbak very round, totally round.
• borbak-boostaa Adam’s apple.
• borbak-kulča wild onion, wild chives (Allium, Liliaceae).
• borbak-sarbak (household) goods, belongings, goods and chattels.
• borbakta- [bohrbakta-] to roll into a ball or lump; dalgan borbakta- to roll the dough.
• borbaktal- to be rolled up into a ball lump.
• borbaktaš- to roll up into a ball or lump; to assume a rounded form.
• borbaktat- to let roll into a ball or lump.
• borbaŋayn- [borbaŋayn-] to roll (of a ball or the eyes).
• borbaŋna- [borbaŋna-] to roll (of a ball or the eyes).
• borbaŋnat- to roll, to twirl, to twist (in the hands)
• borbay- [bohrbay-] to be or become round, circular, spherical.
• borbayt- to make round, to give ball-shaped form; borbaytïr dïgdïnïp algaš after being pressed into a lump, after being rolled into the ball.
• borbuyak [bohrbuyak] abomasum (fourth stomach of a ruminant).
• borlančïk yearling mountain goat.
• borlug containing boron, boric; borlug kislota boric acid.
• borta [bortta] here, hither.
• borta-: xïrïn borta- to taste, to nibble, to eat a little.
• bortuk small mound of earth in front of a marmot’s burrow.
• bortukta- (of a marmot) to heap up earth in front of its burrow.
• bortuktal- of a heap of earth to be formed in front of a marmot’s burrow.
• boruk-sarïk poorly, in an indifferent way.
• borup-sarïp haphazardly.
• borzagar [bohrzagar] toothed, jagged, pited, furrowed (of ice, cliffs).
• borzaŋ [bohrzaŋ] toothed, jagged, pited, furrowed (of ice, cliffs); borzaŋ xayalar jagged cliffs.
• borzuk [bohrzuk] cf. morzuk badger.
• boržaa ringworm.
• boržaalïk ringworm.
• boržaalïkta- to suffer from ringworm.
• boržaalïktïg suffering from ringworm.
• bos drake, wild duck, mallard.
• bosku [bohsku] throat; boskun kes- to leave without the means of subsistence (lit. to cut one’s throat). [<CT *bogoz + pos3]
• bosku- [bohsku-] to tie up (a painful arm); to tie a horse’s front legs to its neck (for milking or shoeing).
• boskug [bohskug] fetters (tying a horse’s front legs to its neck). [<CT *bogsuk]
• boskuglug [bohskuglug] fettered.
• bozaga [bohzaga] threshold. [LM bosuγa]
• boža sour milk residue, whey (after making liquor). [LM boĵu]
• boža-xoytpak residue of sour milk, whey.
• božaa ringworm.
• božaala- to suffer from ringworm.
• božaalan- to suffer from ringworm.
• božaalïg suffering from ringworm.
• božaalïk ringworm.
• božaalïkta- to suffer from ringworm.
• božala- to drink whey; to soak the inside of a hide in the residue of sour milk.
• božalat- to give whey to drink; to let soak the inside of a hide in the residue of sour milk.
• božaŋ unsteady, unstable, shaky.
• božaŋna- [bohžaŋna-] to shake loose, to sway.
• božaŋnaaš [bohžaŋnaaš] unsteady, unstable, shaky; božaŋnaaš čagï unstable post; božaŋnaaš baydal unstable position.
• božaŋnaaškïn swaying, rocking.
• božaŋnadïïškïn swaying, rocking.
• božaŋnat- [bohžaŋnat-] to shake loose, to sway.
• bože here, in this direction; bože čüge keldiŋ? why have you come here?
• božu- [bohžu-] to be or become loose or empty; to give birth. [<CT *bošo-]
• božudukču [bohžudukču] midwife.
• božuk [bohžuk] unsteady, unstable, shaky.
• božut- [bohžut-] to loosen, to empty; to help give birth [<CT *bošot-]
• božuttun- [bohžuttun-] to be loosened, emptied; doskaar božuttungan the barrel was emptied.
• božuttur- [bohžuttur-] to let loosen, empty.
• božuu [bohžuu] quickly, fast; božuu-božuu quick, quick! [LM busigu]
• božuu-šïmday quick, quick!
• božuuda- [bohžuuda-] to hurry, to make haste.
• božuula- [bohžuula-] to hurry, to make haste; božuula-božuula quick, quick! [LM busigla-]
• božuulat- [bohžuulat-] to cause to hurry, to let make haste.

BÖ

• bödene quail. [LM büdüne]
• bödey poor; dilapidated, old; bödey ög dilapidated house.
• bödeyle- to set up a yurt.
• bödeylen- to acquire a yurt, to set up house.
• bödüree pail, bucket. [←Rus vedro]
• bödüün simple, plain, common, ordinary, basic, elementary; bödüün bodalga simple task; bödüün kiži common person; bödüün pös plain fabric; bödüün düktüg xoylar sheep with coarse wool; bödüün bilig elementary concept; bödüün domak simple sentence (in grammar). [LM büdügün]
• bödüünčü- to become simpler, to be simplified.
• bödüünčüdülge simplification.
• bödüünčürgü simple, elementary.
• bödüünčüt- to simplify; formulanï bödüünčüt- to simplify the formula.
• bögün today; bögün koncert bolur there will be a concert today. [<CT *bo: + *kün]
• bögüngü of today, today’s; bögüngü solun today’s newspaper.
• bökpeger [böhkpeger] thick, dense (e.g. of shrubs, trees); congested, piled up.
• bökpek [böhkpek] bouquet, bunch; heap, pile; bökpek čeček a bunch of flowers; bökpek daštar a pile of stones. [cf. LM bögem]
• bökpekteš- [böhkpekteš-] to pile up, to be gathered in a pile.
• bökperleš- [böhkperleš-] to huddle together, to flock, to cluster.
• böl- (böler) to gather, to assemble (in one place); čïlgï böl- to gather a herd; böle oylat- to drive together (cattle); sigen böl- to rake up grass (in one place).
• böldeger (of clothes) baggy, awkwardly large.
• böldey- (of clothes) to be baggy, to be awkwardly large.
• böldün- to be gathered, to converge.
• böldünček assembled into a heap, dense.
• böldünüš- (böldünčür) to be united, joined, to rally; to be gathered, to converge; Sovyet ulus kommunistig partiyanï dolgandïr böldünüšken the Sovet people have rallied around the communist party; xuralče böldünüš- to gather in a meeting.
• böldür- to let gather, assemble.
• böle-xaara by the armful; böle-xaara segirip al- to grasp by the armful.
• bölgeer separate, isolated, apart. [cf. CT *bö:l-]
• bölgeet separate, isolated, apart.
• bölgeettel- to be separated, isolated, apart.
• bölgüm [böhlgüm] group, circle; partiya töögüzü öörenir bölgüm group for studying the history of the party; bölgüm ažïlï group work; balïk(čï) bölgüm fishing group, group of fishermen working jointly. [LM bülgüm]
• bölgümčü [böhlgümčü] member of a group or circle.
• bölgümneš- [böhlgümneš-] to be grouped, to be united in a group or circle.
• bölügle- to group, to classify. [LM bülügle-]
• bölügleeškin group, grouping.
• bölüglel phrase; deyepričastiyelig bölüglel converb phrase; pričastiyelig bölüglel participle phrase.
• bölügleš- to gather into groups, to form groups.
• bölügležiiškin group, grouping, contingent; šerigniŋ murnuu talakï bölügležiiškini the southern contingent of the troops.
• bölügležilge group, grouping, contingent.
• bölük group, circle; party, wing, political group, faction; category; section (in a book); bölük kižiler group of people, crowd; frakciyalïg bölük fractional group; ekspediciyanïŋ birgi bölüü the first group of the expedition; buržuaz partiyanïŋ čöön bölüü the left wing of the bourgeois party; niiti ïr bölügü singing circle, chorus. [CT *bö:lük, LM bülüg]
• bölükte- to divide into groups, to group; to classify.
• bölükteeškin grouping, group; classification; dirig amïtannar aymaanïŋ bölükteeškini the classification of the realm of living animals.
• bölükteš- to gather into group, to form groups.
• bömbük ball, sphere; agaar bömbüü balloon; but bömbüü football; xol bömbüü volleyball; častïr bömbük bomb. [LM bömbüge(n)]
• bömbükte- to play with a ball; to throw a bomb, to bomb.
• bömbürzek globe, the Earth. [LM bömbürčeg]
• bööl- (böglür) to stop flowing, to coagulate (e.g. of blood).
• böölbürgey clumsy, awkward.
• böölbüreš clumsy, awkward.
• böölde- to turn, to spin, to twirl.
• böölden- to turn, to spin, to be turned, spun, twirled.
• bööldes (of a gown or garment) ungirdled, without sash or belt, thrown open.
• bööldesten- to ungirdle, to remove the sash; tonun bööldesten- to ungirdle one’s garment.
• bööldeš (of a gown or garment) ungirdled, without sash or belt, thrown open.
• bööldešten- to ungirdle, to remove the sash.
• bööldet- to turn, to spin, to make or let turn or spin.
• böörteŋ hernia; böörteŋ kiži person suffering from inguinal hernia. [LM bögeredeng]
• bööškün plug (of e.g. wood, a rag); piston.
• bööškünne- to plug, to stop up, to close off.
• bööškünnüg plugged, stopped up, closed off.
• böpügür thick, plump, chubby. [cf. LM bömbügür]
• böpüy- to become thick, chubby (e.g. of a child); to swell, to bulge, to inflate. [cf. LM bömbüi-]
• böpüyt- to let swell up, to inflate (e.g. a balloon).
• börbek [böhrbek] round, bulging, spherical; lump, clod, small ball or sphere; kïzïl xan börbekter red blood corpuscles.
• börbekteš- [böhrbekteš-] to roll up into a ball or lump; to assume a rounded form.
• börbeŋne- [börbeŋne-] to roll (of a ball or the eyes).
• börbey- [böhrbey-] to be or become round, bulging, spherical.
• börbügür thick, plump, fat; swollen, pouting, bulging (e.g. lips, face).
• bört [böhrt] hat, cap; börgüm my hat; börgüŋ your hat; börgü his/her hat; kïškï bört winter hat; xalbaŋnïg bört cap with ear flaps; xavaktïg bört peaked cap; xavak čok bört peakless cap; kadag börgü nailhead; eeriil börgü screw nut. [<NE börk, CT *bö:rk]
• börtek [böhrtek] boy’s penis.
• börü wolf; kïs börü she-wolf, female wolf; börü oglu wolf cub; böru agla- to hunt wolves with a battue; börü keži wolf skin; xoy keži ketken börü wolf in sheep skin. [<CT *bö:ri]
• börüle- to hunt for wolves.
• börzek [böhrzek] wolf cub.
• börzekpen wolf cub (nickname for a dog).
• böske [böhske] case or cover for a hunting gun (covering butt and lock).
• böskek [böhskek] breast of a bird. [<CT *böksek]
• böskele- [böhskele-] to put a case on a hunting gun.
• bözür [böhzür] pitted, pocked, pockmarked (of the face); uneven, rough (of a surface); toothed, jagged; pockmarck; roughness; elevation with small cliffs; place covered with stones; bözür arïn face with pockmarks; bözür sambïra rough board.
• bözür-paga toad.
• bözürgey [böhzürgey] pitted, pocked, pockmarked (of the face); uneven, rough (of a surface); toothed, jagged.
• bözürer- [böhzürer-] to be or become pitted, pockmarked, rough, uneven.
• bözüreš [böhzüreš] pitted, pocked, pockmarked (of the face); uneven, rough (of a surface); toothed, jagged.
• bözürle- [böhzürle-] to be or become pitted, pockmarked, rough, uneven.
• bözerlen- [böhzürlen-] to become pitted, pock-marked.

BÜ

• büdee- [bühdee] to perform a prolonged prayer (in a yurt that has been covered from all sides). [LM bütege- to cover; bütüge- to perform (a prayer)]
• büdeel [bühdeel] prolonged prayer (performed by lamas after the yurt has been covered from all sides). [LM bütügel]
• büdeelge [bühdeelge] summer headgear from cloth (for protection against the rain); hood. [LM bütegelge]
• büdümče [bühdümče] result; büdümče čok unproductive, without result; unreliable; büdümče čok ažïl unproductive labour; büdümče čok kiži unreliable person. [LM bütümĵi]
• büdümčelig [bühdümčelig] productive, succesful; useful, efficient; reliable; büdümčelig ažïl productive labour; büdümčelig sanal constructive remark; büdümčelig kiži reliable person.
• büdümel [bühdümel] matter, substance; natural, innate; častïr büdümelder explosives; kïvar büdümelder combustible substances; büdümel seserlik natural park.
• büdün [bühdün] whole, entire; one-piece; büdün jablok(o) whole apple; büdün stakan sugnu iživit- to drink up an entire glass of water; büdün xün ištinde ažïldaannar they worked all day; büdün san integer; büdün art- to remain whole; büdün granit one-piece granite; čaŋgïs aay büdün a single whole, an entity; büdün čer virgin lands. [<CT *bütün, LM bütün]
• büdün-čartïk one-and-a-half; büdün-čartïk rubl one-and-a-half ruble.
• büdünge [bühdünge] entirely, wholly; büdünge udu- to sleep with one’s clothes on.
• büdüngür [bühdüngür] feasible, easily done.
• büdünne- [bühdünne-] to pick out whole (e.g. lumps of sugar). [<CT *bütünle-]
• büdür- [bühdür-] to do, to make, to manufacture, to perform; bistiŋ ületpürüvüs narïn stanoktar büdürüp turar our industry produces complex machines. [<CT *bütür-]
• büdürü- to stumble; to slip, to slide. [LM büdüri-]
• büdürükčü [bühdürükčü] producer; productive; sire; ažïldïŋ büdürükčüleri superintendents of work; niitileldiŋ büdürükčü küšteri the productive forces of society.
• büdürükčülüü [bühdürükčülüü] productivity; küš-ažïldïŋ büdürükčülüü productivity of labour.
• büdürülge [bühdürülge] production, manufacture; socialistig büdürülge socialist production; büdürülgeniŋ čepsekteri instruments of production; büdürülge čeri enterprise; büdürülge xamaarïlgalarï production ratios; büdürülge brigadazï production brigade.
• büdürülgeči [bühdürülgeči] production worker.
• büdürümčelig [bühdürümčelig] creative; büdürümčelig ažïl-čorudulga creative activity.
• büdürüüčel prone to stumbling.
• büdüš [bühdüš] structure; mentality, character; quality, property; bister kommunister onza budüštüŋ kižileri we communists are people of a particular mentality.
• büdüštüg [bühdüštüg] having a certain structure; modest; adequate; of high quality; onzagay büdüštüg domaktar clauses having a special structure.
• büdüü [bühdüü] secretely, quietly, hidden; latent; büdüü čïlbïrt- to act secretly, quietly; büdüü čïlïï latent heat (in physics); aarïgnïŋ büdüü üyezi latent period of a disease. [LM bitegüü]
• büdüü [bühdüü] the last day of the month (in the old lunar calendar); the eve of the new month; eve; büdüüzünde on the eve of; bayïrlaldïŋ büdüüzünde on the eve of the holiday. [LM bitegün]
• büdüüle- [bühdüüle-] to act secretly, quietly.
• büdüülük [bühdüülük] primitive, backward, ignorant; rough, vulgar; büdüülük kiži backward person. [LM büdügülig]
• büg alveolus; diš büü alveolus. [<CT *bük]
• büg elbow.
• büge [bühge] (in a knucklebone game) the small bone that is placed in the middle of an erected row of figures. [cf. CT *bög]
• bügü [bühgü] all, whole, entire; bügü čon all the people, the whole nation; bügü čurt the entire country; bügü kižiler all the people; bügü delegeyniŋ ažïlčï čonnarï workers of the entire world; aytïrïgnï bügü talazï-bile kör- to consider the matter from all angles; bügü-le all, every; bügü ... šuptuzu all. [LM bükü]
• bügü-delegey worldwide; bügü-delegeyniŋ xereeženneriniŋ demokrattïg federaciyazï the world-wide democratic women-federation; bügü-delegeyniŋ taybïŋ čövüleli the world-wide council for peace.
• bügü-evilel all-union; Bügü-evileldiŋ Leninči Anïyaktarïnïŋ Kommunistig Evileli the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League.
• bügü-niiti universal; čurttakčï čonnuŋ bügü-niiti čizezi national census.
• bügü-rossiy all-Russian; bügü-rossiy teatr niitileli the all-Russian theatrical society.
• bügüde all, every; ol bügüde all this; bügüdevis we all; bügüde eki! hello everybody!; bügüdege bildingir well-known. [LM bügüde]
• bük [bühk] mountain depression; narrow valley, level place at the shore of a river (at the foot of a high mountain); leeward, located in mountain depression, not accessible to winds; bük čer place protected from the wind by mountains.
• bük- [bühk-] to tuck in; čoorgan-bile buttu bük- to tuck up the legs in a sleeping blanket.
• büküle- [bühküle-] (of a child’s fontanels) to move, to touch.
• büküleeš [bühküleeš] fontanel, sinciput, crown of the head.
• bülčü- of a joint to become dislocated. [LM bulĵi-]
• büldeger [bühldeger] large (of tears, drops of blood).
• büldeŋeyin- [bühldeŋeyin-] (of tears) to shimmer, to flow; (of stars) to twinkle.
• büldeŋne- [bühldeŋne-] (of tears) to shimmer, to flow; (of stars) to twinkle.
• büldey- [bühldey-] (of tears) to shimmer, to flow.
• büle family; group. [LM büle]
• büle- to be luke-warm, to be hardly warm (of liquids). [cf. LM büliyed-]
• büleen luke-warm, hardly warm (of liquid); büleen shay luke-warm tea. [LM büliyen]
• bülgeer [bühlgeer] wooden barrel for distilling liquor. [LM bürkeger]
• bülgür- [bühlgür-] to sprinkle, to spray, to spurt, to gush (e.g. water from the mouth). [<CT *bürkür-]
• bülgürül- [bühlgürül-] (of blood, a fountain) to gush out, to spurt.
• bülgürt- [bühlgürt-] to sprinkle, to pour on, to douse (from a watering can).
• bülgürtükčü [bühlgürtükčü] sprinkler, sprayer; pulverizer.
• bülgürtüüškün [bühlgürtüüškün] sprinkling, spraying, pulverization.
• bülürer- to be dim, dull, lustreless, to be dimly lit.
• bülürgey dim, dimly lit, gloomy; lustreless, dull; bülürgey čïrïk dim light; bülürgey lampa frosted lamp.
• bülürtüleŋne- to flash, to flicker (in the twilight, darkness).
• bülürtüleŋneeš flashing, flickering (in the twilight, darkness).
• bülürtüŋ twilight, dusk; gloomy, dusky; dull, diffuse; bülürtüŋ apargan it became dusk; bülürtüŋ arga gloomy forest; bülürtüŋ šil frosted glass.
• bülürtüŋne- to become dark, of dusk or twilight to fall.
• bülürtüŋnelček twilight, dusk; gloomy, dusky; dull, diffuse.
• bürge- [bührge-] to surround; to wrap up, to tuck up, to roll up; to become covered with clouds, to become clouded, overcast; bügün bürgey berdi today it is cloudy. [LM bürke-]
• bürgeelel [bührgeelel] surroundings, environment.
• bürgeeškin [bührgeeškin] bad weather, overcast weather.
• bürgeg cloudy, overcast; cloudy weather; bürgeg xün cloudy day. [LM bürkeg]
• bürgel- to be wrapped or tucked or rolled up; to become clouded or overcast; deer buluttar-bile bürgelgen the sky is overcast with clouds.
• bürget- to be surrounded.
• bürgüt golden eagle. [LM bürgüd]
• bürgütpen eaglet (nickname of dog).
• bürü leaf; bürüler foliage. [<CT *bür]
• bürü each, every; čïl bürüde every year, annually; kiži bürüzü everyone, each person; orannïŋ kuš bürüzü all the birds of the country; bazïm burüzünde at every step. [LM büri]
• bürü- to cover (with leather or other material). [LM büri-]
• bürül- (bürlür) to wrinkle, to cockle up. [<CT *bürül-]
• bürül- (bürlür) to die (of children). [LM büril-]
• bürülüg having leaves.
• bürün whole, complete; bürün ergelig enjoying full rights; plenipotentiary; bürün ergelig xamaatï citizen enjoying full rights; bürün ergelig tölee plenipotentiary representative; bürünü-bile wholly, entirely, fully, completely; silerge bürunü-bile kattïžïp tur men I fully go along with you. [LM bürin]
• bürünne- to replenish, to supplement; to bring up to strength completely.
• bürünčüt- to replenish, to supplement; to bring up to strength completely.
• bürüs monkey.
• bürüš- to wrinkle, to cockle up. [<CT *bürüš-]
• bürüškek wrinkle, crease; in wrinkles, creased; warped.
• bürüštür- to wrinkle (the face), to make a wry face; to crease (material, paper).
• bürütke- to register, to fill in; to make an inventory; anketaga bürütke- to fill in a form. [LM büridke-]
• bürütkediiškin registration, filling in (of a form).
• bürütkekči registrar. [LM büridkegči]
• bürütkel form; list; inventory. [LM büridkel]
• bürütkeš- to help register.
• bürutket- to be registered, to be filled in.
• bürütkettin- to register oneself, to be registered.
• büškügür [bühškügür] hunch-backed.
• büškük [bühškük] hump, hunch-backed (of humans).
• büšküür [bühšküür] wind instrument used in religious ceremonies; büšküür tuŋ trumpet shell. [LM biskigür]
• büšküy- [bühšküy-] to stoop, to be hunch-backed.
• büt- [büht-] (büder) to come true, to be realised, achieved, fulfilled; to happen, to occur; to consist of; to go well, to get going, to get on, to get right; (of a wound) to be overgrown, to heal; meeŋ alïs küzelim bütken my cherished dream has been fulfilled; balïg büde bergen the wound healed; bodu bütken innate, natural. [<CT *büt-]
• bütkür all, entire, wholly, completely; bütkür bodu-bile tur- to rise in one’s full length; bütkür bodu kök sug apargan s/he got soaked to the skin. [cf. LM bügüdeger]
• bütküy- to stoop, to be hunch-backed.
• bütpes alien, stranger; hostile, inimical; unfavourable, wrong, bad; not getting along, not going well, not working out; bütpes ideget alien element.
• büüle gum. [LM büyile]
• büürek kidney; the tip of the finger of the hand; büürek aarïï kidney disease; büürek xini renal pelvis. [<CT *bögürek]
• büürekčigeš bud. [cf. Rus počka kidney; bud]
• büürekte- to embrace a child to warm it.
• büürektel- (of a tree) to develop buds.
• büürelčin hill, hillock, knoll, mound.
• büürelčinnig hilly; büürelčinnig čerler hilly grounds.
• büüze Chinese trading post. [LM püüse(n) ←Ch]
• büzeele- to surround, to besiege, to lay siege; dayzïnnï büzeele- to surround the enemy. [LM büsele-]
• büzeelediiškin siege, blockade, encirclement; state of laying under siege.
• büzeeleeškin siege, blockade, encirclement.
• büzeelel siege, blockade, encirclement; xooraynïŋ buzeeleli the siege of city.
• büzeelet- to be surrounded, blocked, to be under siege, to be beleaguered.
• büzeelettir- to be surrounded, blocked, to be under siege, to be beleagered.
• büzüre- to believe, to trust, to confide in, to hope; to be convinced; (men) seŋee büzüreer men I believe you; am men ort(t)a büzüredim now I am convinced of it. [LM bisire-]
• büzüredig belief, conviction, persuasion; assurance.
• büzürediiškin belief, conviction, persuasion; assurance.
• büzüredikse- to try to convince, assure.
• büzüredilge warrant; büzüredilge-bile al- ~ büzüredilge yozugaar al- to obtain by warrant.
• büzüreečel trusting, credulous.
• büzüreeškin belief, faith, persuasion, conviction; confidence.
• büzürel belief, faith, trust, confidence; hope; čanïš-sïnïš čok büzürel belief. [LM bisirel]
• büzüreldig reliable, trustworthy; confident; büzüreldig barïmdaalar reliable data; bo dugayïnda men ïyak büzüreldig men I am very confident about this; büzüreldig xarïï confident answer.
• büzürenčig believable, probable, plausible.
• büzüret- to convince, to persuade; to assure, to prove.