B

Bold text

Etymological Legend
Ch	Chinese
CT	Common Turkic
Kh	Khalkha Mongolian
Khak	Khakas
LM	Literary Mongolian
LT	Literary Tibetan
NE	Northeastern Turkic
Rus	Russian
Skt	Sanskrit

• baalïk saddle shaped mountain.
• baalïŋ enamel. [LM palang ←Ch]
• baar liver; baar aarïï liver disease; baar ehdi diaphragm; baarï ažï- to be very upset; baarïnïŋ ödü bolgan dearly loved. [<CT *bagïr]
• baarï frontside; dag baarï the front of a mountain; tayganïŋ baarïnda in the front part of the tayga; meeŋ baarïmda in front of me.
• baarlïg having a liver (as the seat of the emotions); kara-baarlïg hard-hearted; sook-baarlïg cold-hearted; čïlïg baarlïg warm-hearted, kind. [<CT *bagïrlïg]
• baartak counter.
• baartïk apron. (←Rus fartuk ←Pol ←Ger Vortuch)
• baarzïk cf. kara-baarzïk thrush, starling.
• baarzïk pancreas gland. [<CT *bagïrsok]
• baažï(zï) simulation, pretence; cunning, slyness, guile, craft; ruse; hint (to the answer of a riddle). [cf. LM bači]
• bačïda- to hurry, to be in a hurry, to make haste, to rush; to fusss, to bustle; to worry or bother oneself; to become more ill; aarïg kiži bačïdap tur the patient’s condition worsened.
• bačïdaaškïn serious condition, crisis.
• bačïm urgent, pressing; hasty, hurried; bustling, given to fussing; strained, tense, difficult; sultry; confusion, turmoil, bustle; bačïm ažïl urgent work; bačïm čoruk urgent journey; bačïm üye difficult time. [LM bačim]
• bačïmna- to hurry, to be in a hurry, to make haste, to rush; to fuss, to bustle; to worry or bother oneself. [cf. LM bačïmda-]
• bačït sin, evil. [LM barčit ←LT]
• badïla- [bahdïla] to vote; to approve, to confirm, to affirm; to register. [LM batula-]
• badïlaaškïn [bahdïlaaškïn] vote; approval, confirmation; registration.
• badïlal vote; approval, confirmation; (marriage) registration.
• badïlaš- to vote together; to approve or confirm together; to register one’s marriage.
• badïlažïïškïn (marriage) registration, marriage ceremony, wedding.
• badïr- to bring down, to lower; to reduce; to degrade; to float; to perform a song; (of children) to cry; xuuŋnu kudukče badïr- to lower the pail in the well; sug badïr- to drain off water; örtek badïr- to lower the price; kudu badïr- to send down from the mountain into the valley, or downstream; badïrïvït če! come on, sing! [<CT *batur-]
• badïrtïr- to let bring down, lower, reduce, degrade, float, sing.
• badïtka- [bahdïtka-] to confirm. [LM batudqa-]
• badïtkal confirmation, proof.
• bag strap, thong, belt; lasso; tie, leash, tether; bag kur leather strap, leather belt; bagda on the leash, tether. [<CT *ba:g]
• bagana column, pillar, post, pole. [LM baγana]
• bagay [bahgay] bad, ugly; not sufficient, not satisfying; poor; bagay xeme bad boat; bagay ažïl unsatisfactory work; bagay agaar bad weather.
• bagay-sogay [bahgay-sohgay] bad, unimportant.
• bagla- to tie, to bind; snop bagla- to bind sheaves; xoldarïn bagla- to tie one’s hands. [<CT *ba:gla-]
• baglaaš tie, strap; aht baglaažï horse reins.
• baglakčï binder (of sheaves).
• baglan- to tie oneself. [<CT *ba:glan-]
• baglaš- to tie together; to be tied in a knot, (of a knot) to be tightened.
• baglat- to let tie; to be tied. [<CT *ba:glan-]
• bak [bahk] bad, evil; negligent; unfortunate; weak; bak kiži bad person; bak aažï bad habits; bak čaŋna- to treat badly; bakka sug- to defame, to villify.
• bak-sok [bahk-sohk] unimportant, rather bad; bak-sok čüveler goods and chattels, belongings.
• bakïla- [bakkïla-] to throw a glance, to peep in.
• bakka-sokka hardly, barely.
• baksïra- to become worse; to grow weak; to wear out, to be used up; agaar baksïraan the weather turned worse.
• bakta- to scold, to abuse, to criticize, to slander, to discredit, to calumniate.
• baktaa- [bahktaa-] to form, to be part of, to be a member of; komissiyanïŋ sostavïnga baktaap kir- to become member of the committee. [LM baγta-]
• baktaaškïn the act of becoming a part or member of.
• baktaaškïn swearing, bad language, slander, calumny.
• baktat- to be scolded, slandered, discredited.
• bala fault; harm, damage; bo seeŋ balaŋ this is your fault! balazï-bile through someone’s fault.
• bala pestle.
• bala graphite; that which stains (of metals). [LM bala]
• bala- to erase, to blot out, to obliterate; to cross out, to strike out. [LM balala-]
• balaaš eraser, rubber.
• balalïg causing damage, harmful.
• balalïg stained, soiled (of metals).
• balančak small child.
• balar slime, mire, silt. [cf. Khak balïr]
• balar former, ex, old. [LM balar]
• balara- to have aching muscles.
• balaš- to obliterate one another.
• balaš- to soil each other, to make each other dirty.
• balat- to let erase, blot out; to let cross out, to strike out.
• baldï [bahldï] axe. [<CT *balto, LM balta]
• baldïr [bahldïr] calf of the leg; money; baldïrï dïŋzïg rich, prosperous, well-to-do. [<CT *baltïr]
• balïg wound; scab; balïg kiži wounded person. [<CT *ba:lïg]
• balïgla- to injure, to wound; of a wound to occur. [<NE *balïgla-]
• balïglaaškïn wound, injury, wounding.
• balïglat- to be wounded, to get wounded.
• balïglattïr- to be wounded, to get wounded.
• balïïrgan- to feel pain (of a wound), to be sensitive to pain.
• balïk fish; sööktüg balïk ide (carp); balïk tïvïïškïn fishing, the catching of fish; balïk münü fish soup; balïk üzü fish oil; balïk üürgenezi fish roe. [<CT *ba:lïk]
• balïkčï fisherman. [<CT *ba:lïkčï]
• balïkta- to fish, to catch fish.
• balïktïg rich in fish, teeming with fish; balïktïg xöl lake rich in fish. [<CT *ba:lïklïg]
• bar there is, present; ïndïg dürüm bar there is such a regulation; mende ol nom bar I have that book. [<CT *ba:r]
• bar [< baar] going; ahttïg ulus bar čïdïr the horsemen moved away. [< *barar]
• bar- (baar) to go, to go a way, to leave, to part; -(I)p bar- auxiliary verb indicating ‘being in a situation’; -(I)p bar čït- to go to, to go away; men čoruy bardïm I left; aht maŋnap čoruy bargan the horse had run away; közülbeyn bar- to be invisible; kančap bardïŋ? what is the matter with you?; ašakka bar- (of a woman) to marry; bažï-bile bar- to be lacking, missing, lost; baardï s/he went. [<CT *bar-]
• bar-čok scanty, small, trifle.
• bar-čoktug scanty, small, trifle.
• bara fish-trap. [cf. Khak para]
• baraan goods, stuff, ware, merchandise. [LM baraγa(n)]
• baraan outline, contours, silhouette; baraan bol- to serve; čonunga baaraan bol- to serve the people. [LM baraγa(n)]
• baraanna- to go to buy goods.
• baraanna- to watch, to observe.
• baraban drum. [←Rus baraban]
• baraskan poor person, pauper; inhabitant.
• barba bag of goat leather.
• bardam impudent, coarse; arrogant, conceited, presumptious; irascible. [LM bardam]
• bardamna- to be arrogant, conceited; to boast of one’s strength (in games, wrestling). [LM bardamna-]
• barï presence, availability, on hand, cash; akšanïŋ barï cash money; erge-žok čugula baydaldarnïŋ barï the presence of indispensable conditions.
• barïïn western; right-winged (politics). [LM baraγun]
• barïk almost. [LM baruγ]
• barïmdaa base, basis; reason, grounds, cause; proof, argument; evidence, certificate; kandïg-daa barïmdaa čokka without any reason; barïmdaaï čül? on what grounds?; škola dooskanïnïŋ barïmdaazï a certificate of having completed school. [LM barimta]
• barïmdaala- to be based or founded on; to observe, to keep to, to take into account, to stick to; dürümnü barïmdaala- to observe the rules. [LM barimtala-]
• bas- [bahs-] to press; to suppress, to repress; to destroy, to obliterate; to tread, to step; to amble; to pull or press the trigger, to shoot; kattïŋ suun sï bas- to squeeze out the juice of berries; demdek bas- to stamp, to brand; bazar aht ambler; bazar čüve pistol. [<CT *bas-]
• baska hammer.
• baskaktan- [bahskaktan-] to sit cross-legged.
• baskïïš step, footstep; pedal; key; metal or horn badge (for fastening the seat to the saddle frame).
• baskïlaš- to be heaped or piled up, to be loaded with.
• baskïlaštïr- to heap up, to pile, to load with.
• bastïg-: xaram bastïg- to have a nightmare.
• bastïr- to oppress, to lower; to abuse; to be oppressed; to thresh (grain); to step; to amble. [<CT *bastur-]
• baš [bahš] head; top, summit; end, tip; ear (of grain); head (counter for livestock); beginning, origin, source; -NIŋ bažïnda on top of, at the head of; bažïndan from the beginning; sigen bažï ear of grass; dag bažï mountain top; xem bažï the upstream part of a river; baš teyi crown of the head; baš söögü skull; baš šüürü comb; baš muŋgaš dead end, situation with no way out. [<CT *baš]
• baš-tenider puzzle, conundrum.
• baška [bahška] besides, except for; senden baška except for you; boordan baška except for its being. [<CT *baška]
• baškala- to separate, to isolate.
• baškalaaškïn separation, isolation, section division.
• baškalan- to get rid of, to shake off, to throw off.
• baškalančak separate, isolated from.
• baškalandïr- to separate, to isolate.
• baškar- [bahškar-] to manage, to regulate, to put right; to equip, to fit out (for a journey); to steer; kudumču šimčeeškinin baškar- to regulate the trafic; korabldi baškar- to steer the ship. [<CT *baškar-]
• baškarïkčï manager; leader.
• baškart- to let manage, regulate, equip, steer.
• baškï [bahškï] teacher. [<CT *baxšï, cf. LM baγsi ←Ch]
• baškï first; front-, anterior; initial.
• baškïla- to teach, to educate.
• baškïlaaškïn education.
• bašta- to lead, to direct, to govern, to be at the head of, to guide; baštaar organnar authorities; baštaar čer government. [<CT *bašla-]
• baštak [bahštak] witty, humerous, comic; joke, humour; joker, jester. [<CT *baštak]
• baštaktan- to make jokes, to tease.
• baštaktanïš- to tell jokes to one another.
• baštal- to be in the ear, to form ears (of grass).
• baštalga guidance, leadership.
• baštaŋgï [bahštaŋgï] bridal veil.
• baštat- to entrust the leadership.
• baštay for the first time; eŋ-ne baštaygï very first, initial.
• baštïg with a head, headed; with a leader; wise. [<CT *bašlïg]
• baštïŋ [bahštïŋ] leader, head; the leader (in a herd); aymaktïŋ baštïŋï leader of the clan.
• baštïŋčï leader, chief; ažïlčï čonnuŋ baštïŋčïzï leader of the working people; klass baštïŋčï baškïzï class teacher.
• bat- [baht-] to go down, to descend, to plunge, to sink, to flow; kudu bat- to walk downstream. [<CT *bat-]
• bay rich; a rich person; čuduruk bay rich farmer (cf. Rus kulak). [<CT *ba:y]
• bayaatan (~ bayat) rich person.
• baybaŋ garrulous, talkative; talkativeness, garrulity; unduly familiar (behaviour).
• baydal position, status, state, condition, circumstance, situation. [LM bayidal]
• baydaldïg situated, located, being in a position; berge baydaldïg being in a difficult position; eki baydaldïg being in a good position.
• bayï- to be or become rich. [<CT *ba:yu-]
• bayïïrga- to take pride in one’s wealth, to boast. [LM bayarqa-]
• bayïr festivity; greeting, welcome; bayïr čedir- to welcome, to greet, to congratulate. [LM bayar]
• bayïrla- to celebrate; to greet. [LM bayarla-]
• bayïrlal holiday, festivity. [LM bayarlal]
• bayïrlïg festive, ceremonial; greeting, welcoming; goodbye; bayïrlïg xural ceremonial meeting; bayïrlïg telegramma welcoming telegram; bayïrlïg ešter! goodbye, friends! [cf. LM bayartai]
• bayïsaa- (~ baysaa-) to interrogate, to question. [LM baičaγa-]
• bayïsaakčï (~ baysaakčï) investigator. [LM baičaγaγči]
• bayïsaalga (~ baysaalga) interrogation, examination. [LM baičağalğa]
• bayïsaat- to be interrogated.
• bayït- to make rich. [<CT *ba:yut-]
• bayla- to come to an end, to become empty (of a glass).
• baylak rich; richness, wealth; resources, treasures; baylak čurt rich land; boydus baylaktarï natural resources; materialdïg baylaktar material resources; ištiki baylaktarnï mobilizastaarï mobilisation of internal resources; kazïmal baylaktar useful resources.
• baylaŋ fry, young fish.
• baytïk not only. [cf. LM baituγai]
• bayza boundary post.
• baza [bahza] and, still, more, yet, another, already; saazïn baza karandaš paper and pencil; baza bir kiži keldi another person came; meŋee baza nomdan bir ber give me yet another book. [LM basa]
• bazïm [bahzïm] step.
• bazïmča [bahzïmča] insult, abuse. [LM basumji]
• bazïmčala- [bahzïmčala-] to humiliate, to abase, to insult, to offend, to abuse; to mock, to jeer at; to consider weak, feeble; ol meni bazïmčalaaš šïdïraaga utturupkan s/he beat me at chess and considered me weak.
• bazïn- (bastïr) to humiliate, to abase, to insult, to offend, to mock, to jeer at. [<CT *basïn-]
• bazïr- to press. [<CT *basur-]
• bazïtkïïš metal or horn badge (for fastening the seat to the saddle frame).
• baža brother-in-law (wife’s sister’s husband). [<CT *ba:ča]
• bažalaš- to be or become brothers-in-law.
• bažalïškïlar (~ bažaškïlar) brothers-in-law (husbands of sisters).
• bažï-kurlug index finger (in games).
• bažïŋ house, log hut, building; prison, jail; škola bažïŋï school building; bažïŋ adrezi home address; bažïŋ xerekselderi household utensils; bažïŋga kir- to go to prison; bažïŋ kižizi prisoner, inmate. [LM baising]
• bažïŋna- to be in prison, to be locked up in jail.
• bažïŋnan- to own a house, building.
• bažïŋnat- to get locked up in prison.
• be mare. [<CT *be:]
• be question particle.
• bedi- to become high, to rise, to be raised. [<CT *bedü-]
• bedik high, tall; height, mountain; bedik dag high mountain; bedik kiži tall person; bedik ün high voice. [<CT *bedik]
• bedit- to raise, to heighten, to lift; sugnuŋ deŋnelin bedit- to raise the water level. [<CT *bedüt-]
• beer hither, here; since; beer kel come here; nomnarnï beer ekkel bring the books here; ïŋay-beer thither and hither; ol üyden beer since that time; oon beer since then; dagnïŋ beer iyi the slope on this side of the mountain. [<CT *be:rü]
• beergi since; šagdan beergi, ür üyeden beergi long time since; čooktan beergi recently.
• beerle- to approach, to come near (to the speaker).
• beerlet- to draw near.
• beg beg (historical title); father-in-law; husband’s elder brother. [<CT *beg]
• bege [behke] Indian ink. [LM beke ←Ch]
• bege [behke] blight, smut (a crop disease).
• begele- (of cereals) to be affected by blight, smut.
• bek [behk] strong; chains, fetters. [<CT *bek]
• bekte- to consolidate, to strengthen, to fasten. [<CT *bekle-]
• bekteg oppression.
• bektel (~ bektelge) fetters; yoke, oppression; captivity; kolonialdïg bektel colonial yoke.
• bekten- to hold on to, to press oneself against, to strengthen. [<CT *beklen-]
• bektet- to let consolidate, strengthen, fasten. [<CT *beklet-]
• bel waist; slope (at the foot of a mountain). [<CT *be:l]
• bel salmon-trout. [<NE *bel]
• bel-keš (~ bel-kežik) lower part of the body.
• belde- to go past the mountain slope.
• belde- to fish for salmon-trout.
• beldir [behldir] confluence, crossroads, junction; knot; xem beldiri confluence of rivers; oruk beldirinde at the crossroads. [<CT *beltir]
• beldirleš- (of rivers or roads) to come together, to join, to form a confluence, junction.
• belek gift, present; belekke ber- to give as a present. [LM beleg]
• belen easy; ready. [LM belen]
• belen-selen that easily; ol belen-selen utpas s/he won’t forget so easily. [LM belen-ĵelen]
• beleŋgiš mountain terrace.
• beletke- to prepare; to acquire, to purchase; bažïŋnï kïška udur beletke- to prepare the house for winter. [LM beledke-]
• beletkel purveyence, procurement; preparation, acquirement; beletkel punktuzu purveying centre, procurement station. [LM beledkel]
• beletken- to prepare oneself.
• beliŋči afraid, scared. [<CT *beliŋči]
• beliŋne- to run up to, to jump; to give a start; to give a shriek. [<CT *beliŋle-]
• beliŋnet- to make afraid, to scare.
• ber- (beer) to give; bo nomnu meŋee ber give me this book; sös ber- to give one’s word; čöpšeerel ber- to give permission; üleger ber- to give an example; -A/-I/-y ber- (inchoative auxiliary); bižiy berdim I started writing; -(I)p ber- (benefactive auxiliary); meŋee adïŋ čugaalap ber tell me your name; beeriniiŋ padeži dative case. [<CT *be:r-]
• berdin- to give oneself up, to surrender; to be given.
• berdingen true, loyal, devoted.
• berdir- to transfer to, to hand down, to forward, to let give; čagaanï akïmdan berdirdim I forwarded the writing through my elder brother. [<CT *be:rdür-]
• berge [behrge] heavy, difficult; hardship, trouble. [LM berke]
• bergede- to be in difficulties, to find difficulty in; to become difficult, hard, complicated. [LM berked-]
• bergedet- to make difficult, hard, complicated.
• berimče blessing, boon; donation.
• berimčelig beneficial, abundant; generous, liberal; berimčelig čay a lavish summer.
• beriš- to touch; to bother; to tease; bo nomnar-bile berišpeŋer don’t you touch these books; ït-bile berišpe don’t tease the dog. [<CT *beriš-]
• bert [behrt] (a place) difficult to pass. [<CT *berk]
• bert- [behrt-] to mutilate, to cripple, to maim. [<CT *bert-]
• berten this morning. [< bo erten]
• bertik mutilation, maiming; dislocation (of a joint); break, fracture (of a limb).
• berttin- to be maimed, injured. [<CT *bertin-]
• berttindir- to maim.
• bes a species of edible bulb (Erythronium). [<NE *bes]
• bes gland; čaraa bezi salivary gland [<CT *be:z]
• bestig-baarzïk pancreas.
• beš five; beški fifth. [<CT *be:š]
• beš-adar rifle.
• beti [behti] this side; front, before; xem betinde at this side of the river; betinge near, on this side of; šuugaar betinde as concerns gossip, with respect to gossip. [Tofa beht]
• bezerek insufficient, inadequate; premature, born prematurely; defective; bezerek kïl- to do inadequately, to leave uncompleted. [LM besereg]
• bezin even, yet; ol bezin kelbeen-dir s/he has not come yet. [Tofa bezin]
• beželee(n) five together, the five of, fivesome.
• bežen fifty; bežengi fiftieth. [<NE *beš + *on]
• bežennig being fifty years of age.
• biče small, little, petty; youngest, junior; biče setkil modesty; biče setkildig modest; biče oglu his/her youngest son; biče leytenant junior lieutenant; biče buržuaziya petty bourgoisie; biče öreelge orun sal put the bed in the small room.
• biče-böövey little finger.
• biče-salaa little finger.
• biče-šöömey little finger.
• bičežek small, insignificant (e.g. of size).
• bičele- to become little or small, to lessen, to decrease, to diminish.
• bičelet- to make little or small, to lessen, to decrease, to reduce; to belittle, to depreciate.
• bičii small, little; a little, a bit, a trifle, slightly; bičii ool small boy; bičii ïnay quite small, insignificant; bičii balïk small fish.
• bii-sarïg a species of songbird.
• biiže whetting stone.
• bil- to know, to get to know; to be aware of, to recognize; to understand; to know to, to know how, to be able to; ïlap bil- to know exactly; utkazïn bil- to know or understand the meaning of it; nomčup bil- to be able to read; bilbes men I don’t know, I don’t know how. [<CT *bil-]
• bilbeečeŋne- to pretend not to know, to feign ignorance.
• bildi knowledge; magical powers.
• bildilig knowledgeable; possessing magical powers.
• bildin- to be evident, visible, noticeable, to appear.
• bildinček well-known, generally known; clear, comprehensible.
• bildingir understandable, comprehensible, clear; söstüŋ utkazï bildingir the meaning of the word is clear.
• bildinmes unknown, unclear, not understood; ooŋ kažan keliri bildinmes it is unknown when s/he will come.
• bildir- to let know, to make known, to inform, to notify, to report. [<CT *bildür-]
• bildirt- to let know, to make known, to inform, to notify, to report.
• bile and, together with; by means of; (adverbaliser: noun + pos3 + bile); olčaanï-bile in the same way, likewise; üzüü-bile chunk-wise; büzürediri-bile convincingly; kiddingly. [<CT *bi:rle]
• bilek wrist. [<CT *bilek]
• bilek as soon as; xün üneri bilek, bis ažïlday bergen we started working as soon as the sun rose.
• bilekte- to take by the wrist.
• bilekteeš bracelet. [Khak pĭlektes]
• bilig knowledge; idea, notion, conception; education; xanï bilig profound knowledge; bilig – küš knowledge is power. [<CT *bilig]
• biliglig educated, learned, erudite. [<CT *biliglig]
• bilikse- to want to know. [<CT *bilikse-]
• bilin- (minnir) to feel, to have the sensation of, to sense, to be aware; to come to one’s senses; to recognise, to admit, to own up to. [<CT *bilin-]
• bilindir- to persuade, to convince; to make aware; to bring to one’s senses; to subdue. [<CT *bilin-]
• bilindirig persuasion.
• bilindiriiškin persuasion.
• bilinmeste- to lose consciousness; to lose sensitivity, to become numb; xolum bilinmestey berdi my hand grew numb.
• biliš- (bilčir) to understand each other. [<CT *biliš-]
• bilzek ring. [<CT *bilezük]
• bir one; once; bir dugaar first; bir katap once; bir kiži someone; bir čüve something; bir čerde someplace, somewhere, at a certain place; bir šagda once, at a certain time; bir xün one day; bir-le some; any; a certain; a bit, a time; bir-le čer someplace; bir-le kör- to look a bit, to throw a glance; bir eves if; birgi first. [<CT *bi:r]
• birde sometimes, at times; birde čahs-daa čaar, birde xar-daa čaap keer at times it rains, at times it snows. [Khak pĭrde]
• birde-birde now ... now, sometimes ... sometimes, at one moment ... at another.
• biree one, single; any; bireezi one of; bireede at first; bireezinden ïrakta far from any of them. [<CT *bi:regü]
• birik- to unite, to come together; to go on well. [<CT *bi:rik-]
• biriktir- to unite, to bring together.
• bis the sharp or point (of a knife, needle); knife; bižek bizi the sharp of a knife; ine bizi the point of a needle. [<CT *bi:z]
• bis [bihs] we; bisti us; bistiŋ our; biske to us; biste at us; bisten from us; bisče towards us; bistive towards us; bistii ours; bistii-bile according to us. [<CT *biz]
• bistig sharp, cutting.
• biyee far, past; the same, the very one; biyee šagda in the past; biyee artist that same artist; biyeede in the past; biyeegi the aforementioned. [<CT *baya]
• biyeek long ago.
• biyir brush (for paint, glue, etc). [LM bir ←Ch]
• bize- to whet, sharpen; karandaš bize- to sharpen a pencil; xiree bize- to sharpen a saw. [Khak pĭze-]
• bizeŋ mountain crest.
• bizet- to let whet, sharpen.
• bizirer- to huddle together, to gather in one place, to concentrate, to flock, to cluster.
• bizirt crowded, dense, congested; much, in bulk, a lot of; xovuda mal bizirt there is much livstock in the steppes.
• bižeeči clerk. [LM bičigeči]
• bižek [bihžek] knife; bižek sïvï the haft of a knife. [<CT *bi:ček]
• bižekte- to cut or stab with a knife.
• bižekten- to cut or stab oneself with a knife.
• biži- [bihži-] to write; čagaa biži- to write a leter; šülük biži- to write poetry. [LM biči-]
• bižigle- to write a letter. [LM bičigle-]
• bižik [bihžik] writing, a piece of writing, letter; tïva bižik Tuvan writing; bižik bilbes oruk illiteracy. [LM bičig]
• bižiktig written, having a writing.
• bižimel (hand)writing, handwritten. [LM bičimel]
• bižiš- to write to each other, to correspond.
• bižiirge- to feel shy, to be confused, embarrassed, timid.
• bižiirget- to confuse, to embarrass.
• bižiiškin a writing, a sign.
• bižit- to let write.
• bïdaa groats; soup (from groats); porridge; ak bïdaa rice; milk soup; milk porridge. [LM budaγa(n)]
• bïdaala- to eat soup; to add to the soup (as an ingredient). [LM budaγala-]
• bïdara- [bïhdara-] to disperse, to dissipate, to get scattered; čük bïdara- to get scattered in all directions (e.g. of livestock). [LM butara-]
• bïdarat- to disperse, to dissipate, to scatter.
• bïdargay [bïhdargay] dispersed, scattered, dissipated, sparse. [LM butarqai]
• bïdï- to be or become lice-ridden.
• bïgïn [bïhgïn] side, edge (lower part); flank, groin; bïktï ts side. [<CT *bïkïn]
• bïgïnna- [bïhgïnna-] to snap to the side (with the teeth) (e.g. of a horse when tightening the saddle girth); to find fault with, to pick on, to nag at.
• bïktïš narrow, tight, crowded, cramped, packed.
• bïktïža- to be narrow, tight, crowded, cramped, packed.
• bïlaa- to take away by force. [LM buliya-]
• bïlaaš argument, dispute, lawsuit.
• bïlaaš- to try to capture, to take away from each other by force; murnun bïlaaš- to try to outstrip one another.
• bïlaaštïg arguable, disputable; bïlaaštïg xerek disputable matter.
• bïlaat kerchief. [←Rus plat]
• bïlaat- to let take away by force.
• bïlaattïr- to let take away by force.
• bïlča- [bïhlča-] to smear, to soil, to stain, to dirty. [LM bilča-]
• bïlčak [bïhlčak] dirty, soiled, stained; blot, smudge; daub. [<CT *balčïk]
• bïlčakta- to smear, to soil, to stain, to dirty; to write illegibly.
• bïlčaktaš- to smear, soil, stain, dirty one another.
• bïlčaš- to smear, soil, stain, dirty one another.
• bïlčat- to let smear, soil, stain, dirty.
• bïlda [bïhlda] fuse (for igniting an explosive). [LM bilta]
• bïlda- to evade, to avoid, to shun, to shirk, to dodge; to cover one’s tracks; (of a bullet) to miss, to be beside the mark; (of a horse) to shy. [LM bulta-]
• bïldaačal evasive (in answering), dodgy.
• bïldaaškïn evasion; bïldaaškïn čokka xarïïla- to answer without evasion.
• bïldala- to ignite with a fuse.
• bïldalïg having a fuse; bïldalïg boo gun having a fuse.
• bïldamïk evasive, dodgy.
• bïldamïkta- to evade, to avoid, to shun, to shirk, to dodge.
• bïldamïš evasive, dodgy.
• bïldat- to let evade, avoid.
• bïlga- to wave; to stir, to agitate; to outwit; xol bïlga- to wave the hand. [<CT *bulga-]
• bïlga- to smear, to daub; to rinse, to wash by moving something to and fro through the water. [LM bulqa-]
• bïlgaaš mixer, stirring rod (for stirring grain when roasting it).
• bïlgamïk inclined to muddling up.
• bïlgamïkta- to delude, to mislead, to muddling up; to evade, to avoid, to shun, to shirk, to dodge.
• bïlgaš- to help wave, stir, agitate.
• bïlgat- to let wave, stir, agitate.
• bïlgï snorting (of a horse).
• bïlgïr- [bïhlgïr-] to snort (of horses).
• bïlgïrt- to let snort.
• bïra lever (for lifting heavy objects), support; bïra ïyažï supporting beam.
• bïra species of grey steppe partridge.
• bïra the first ice at the banks on a river, sludge ice.
• bïraat Buryat. [LM buriyad]
• bïrala- to lever something up.
• bïralaš- to help lever something up.
• bïralat- to let lever something up.
• bïragda- to become covered with ice, to freeze over, (of a river) to freeze at the banks.
• bïraš- to match, to be equal, to not be inferior (in power, skill); to cope with, to manage, to handle.
• bïrdaan Berdan rifle. [←Rus berdanka]
• bïrïstaa verst. [←Rus versta]
• bïrïš- (of clothes) to wrinkle, to cockle up.
• bïrïškak wrinkle, crease; in wrinkles, creased; warped.
• bïrïštïr- to wrinkle (the face), to make a wry face; to crease (material, paper).
• bïrïžaŋna- to twitch, to grimace, to make faces.
• bïrïžaŋnat- to let twitch, grimace, make faces.
• bïrlagar covered with a surge (of waves); wavy.
• bïrlaŋ ripple(s), surge (of waves).
• bïrlaŋayïn- to ripple, to be covered by a surge (of waves); xöl bïrlaŋaynïp čïtkan the lake was covered by surges of waves.
• bïrlaŋna- to ripple, to be covered by a surge (of waves).
• bïrlaŋnaaš ripple(s), surge (of waves).
• bïrlaŋnat- to cause to ripple, to cause to be covered by a surge (of waves); xat sugnu *bïrlaŋnadïp tur the wind caused the water to ripple.
• bïrtak [bïhrtak] mucus, slime; weed.
• bïrtaktal- to be overgrown by weed.
• bïrtaktïg mucous, slimy.
• bïržï [bïhržï] scratch, trace of a wound.
• bïskan [bïhskan] powder snow, soft snow; bïskan xar newly fallen snow.
• bïskanna- of powder snow to fall, of snow to freshly fall; oruktu xar bïskannapkan snow has freshly fallen on the road.
• bïskannïg covered with powder snow.
• bïstan piston, percussion cap. [←Rus piston]
• bïstannïg having a piston, percussion cap.
• bïš- [bïhš-] to cut, to cut out; xep bïžarï the act of cutting out. [<CT *bïč-]
• bïš- to churn (butter), to mix, to whisk, to whip (e.g. sour milk during the preparation of kumys). [< CT *bïš-]
• bïš- [bïhš-] to become ripe, mature, to ripen, to mature (of berries, grain); to boil, to cook (of water or food). [<CT *bïš-]
• bïškak [bïhškak] animal skin with the paws. [Khak pïsxax]
• bïškï spaddle for skimming the milk; spaddle for cutting the hardened cheese in squares or rounds, churn staff; piston. [<CT *bïšku]
• bïškïïš spaddle for cutting the hardened cheese in squares or rounds, churn staff.
• bïškïr- to sneeze. [Khak pïsxïr-]
• bïškïrïš- to sneeze several times.
• bïštak cheese (from sheep’s milk).
• bïštakta- to make cheese (from sheep’s milk).
• bïštaktal- (of milk) to turn to cheese.
• bïštïr- [bïhš-] to let cut, to let cut out. [<CT *bïčtur-]
• bït [bïht] louse. [<CT *bït]
• bïtta- to remove the lice; to do with great care, to do thoroughly.
• bïttïg infested with lice.
• bïyirgïn light rash on the skin; scattered (of a rash, freckles); small, fine; bïyïrgïn činčiler small beads.
• bïyirgïnna- to be covered with a rash.
• bïza- [bïhza-] to strew with, to powder with.
• bïzaa one-year-old calf; mïygak bïzaazï fawn of the maral deer; sarlïk bïzaa yak calf; bïzaa ažaakčïzï, bïzaa kažaazï calf-shed. [<CT *buzagu]
• bïzaala- to calve; to drive up the calves. [<CT *buzagula-]
• bïzaalaaškïn calving.
• bïzaalïg having a calf; bïzaalïg inek cow having a calf.
• bïzaančï [bïhzaančï] Tuvan spike fiddle.
• bïzaančïla- to play the spike fiddle.
• bïzam a pinch of (usually said of products like flour and groats for seasoning broth).
• bïzaŋ carpenter; joiner. [LM muĵan ←Ch]
• bïzaŋčï carpenter; joiner.
• bïzaŋčïla- to work as a carpenter, joiner.
• bïzaŋna- to work as a carpenter, joiner.
• bïžar [bïhžar] measles.
• bïžar-dumaa [bïhžar-dumaa] smallpox.
• bïžï- [bïhžï-] to become strong, firm, to consolidate.
• bïžïg strong, stiff, hard, firm, solid; bïžïg ïyaš hard wood; bïžïg pös strong fabric; bïžïg taybïŋ stable peace; bïžïg biligler sound knowledge; bïžïg soruk strong will; bïžïg soruktug strong willed. [<CT *bïšïg]
• bïžïgla- to strengthen, to consolidate, to secure, to fasten, to fix; algan biliglerni bïžïgla- to commit to memory what one has learned.
• bïžïglaaškïn strengthening, consolidation; šöl bïžïglaaškïn (military) securing of the terrain.
• bïžïglakčï fixing agent, fixer.
• bïžïglal strengthening, consolidation, securing, fastening, fixing.
• bïžïglan- to firmly hold oneself on to.
• bïžïglanïïškïn strengthening, consolidation.
• bïžïglaš- to help strengthen, consolidate, secure, fasten, to strengthen together.
• bïžïk- [bïhžïk-] to become strong, firm, to consolidate; Sovyet Evileliniŋ bügü-delegey baydalï ulam-na bïžïga bergen the international position of the Sovet Union has become stronger.
• bïžïkčï tailor’s cutter.
• bïžïkčïla- to cut with a tailor’s cutter.
• bïžïktïr- to strengthen, to consolidate; küš-ažïlčïdïŋ sagïlga-čurumnu bïžïktïr- to strengthen the working discipline.
• bïžïlgak [bïhžïlgak] nappy rash.
• bïžïlgan [bïhžïlgan] nappy rash. [<CT *bïčïlgan]
• bïžïlganna- (of babies) to suffer from nappy rash.
• bïžïn- (bïštïr) (of babies) to suffer from nappy rash. [cf. CT *bïčïl-]
• bïžïndï a piece cut off.
• bïžïr- to bake, to broil, to roast; to work thoroughly through the end; xuužuur bïžïr- to bake pancakes; xleb bïžïr- to bake bread; eht bïžïr- to roast meat; iletkeldi bïžïrïp al- to work thoroughly through the lecture. [<CT *bïšur-]
• bïžïrïmčalïg [bïhžïrïmčalïg] detailed, thorough; šuptuzun bïžïrïmčalïg boda- to think everything over in detail.
• bïžïrïmčïlïg detailed, thorough.
• bïžïrïš- to help bake, broil, roast.
• bïžïrt- to let cook, bake, broil, roast. [<CT *bïšurt-]
• bïžït- to make stronger, to strengthen, to consolidate; Sovyet Evileliniŋ küčüzün bïžït- to consolidate the power of the Sovet Union.
• bödene quail. [LM büdüne]
• bödey poor; dilapidated, old; bödey ög dilapidated house.
• bödeyle- to set up a yurt.
• bödeylen- to acquire a yurt, to set up house.
• bödüree pail, bucket. [←Rus vedro]
• bödüün simple, plain, common, ordinary, basic, elementary; bödüün bodalga simple task; bödüün kiži common person; bödüün pös plain fabric; bödüün düktüg xoylar sheep with coarse wool; bödüün bilig elementary concept; bödüün domak simple sentence (in grammar). [LM büdügün]
• bödüünčü- to become simpler, to be simplified.
• bödüünčüdülge simplification.
• bödüünčürgü simple, elementary.
• bödüünčüt- to simplify; formulanï bödüünčüt- to simplify the formula.
• bögün today; bögün koncert bolur there will be a concert today. [<CT *bo: + *kün]
• bögüngü of today, today’s; bögüngü solun today’s newspaper.
• bökpeger [böhkpeger] thick, dense (e.g. of shrubs, trees); congested, piled up.
• bökpek [böhkpek] bouquet, bunch; heap, pile; bökpek čeček a bunch of flowers; bökpek daštar a pile of stones. [cf. LM bögem]
• bökpekteš- [böhkpekteš-] to pile up, to be gathered in a pile.
• bökperleš- [böhkperleš-] to huddle together, to flock, to cluster.
• böl- (böler) to gather, to assemble (in one place); čïlgï böl- to gather a herd; böle oylat- to drive together (cattle); sigen böl- to rake up grass (in one place).
• böldeger (of clothes) baggy, awkwardly large.
• böldey- (of clothes) to be baggy, to be awkwardly large.
• böldün- to be gathered, to converge.
• böldünček assembled into a heap, dense.
• böldünüš- (böldünčür) to be united, joined, to rally; to be gathered, to converge; Sovyet ulus kommunistig partiyanï dolgandïr böldünüšken the Sovet people have rallied around the communist party; xuralče böldünüš- to gather in a meeting.
• böldür- to let gather, assemble.
• böle-xaara by the armful; böle-xaara segirip al- to grasp by the armful.
• bölgeer separate, isolated, apart. [cf. CT *bö:l-]
• bölgeet separate, isolated, apart.
• bölgeettel- to be separated, isolated, apart.
• bölgüm [böhlgüm] group, circle; partiya töögüzü öörenir bölgüm group for studying the history of the party; bölgüm ažïlï group work; balïk(čï) bölgüm fishing group, group of fishermen working jointly. [LM bülgüm]
• bölgümčü [böhlgümčü] member of a group or circle.
• bölgümneš- [böhlgümneš-] to be grouped, to be united in a group or circle.
• bölügle- to group, to classify. [LM bülügle-]
• bölügleeškin group, grouping.
• bölüglel phrase; deyepričastiyelig bölüglel converb phrase; pričastiyelig bölüglel participle phrase.
• bölügleš- to gather into groups, to form groups.
• bölügležiiškin group, grouping, contingent; šerigniŋ murnuu talakï bölügležiiškini the southern contingent of the troops.
• bölügležilge group, grouping, contingent.
• bölük group, circle; party, wing, political group, faction; category; section (in a book); bölük kižiler group of people; frakciyalïg bölük fractional group; ekspediciyanïŋ birgi bölüü the first group of the expedition; buržuaz partiyanïŋ čöön bölüü the left wing of the bourgeois party; niiti ïr bölügü singing circle, chorus. [CT *bö:lük, LM bülüg]
• bölükte- to divide into groups, to group; to classify.
• bölükteeškin grouping, group; classification; dirig amïtannar aymaanïŋ bölükteeškini the classification of the realm of living animals.
• bölükteš- to gather into group, to form groups.
• bömbük ball, sphere; agaar bömbüü balloon; but bömbüü football; xol bömbüü volleyball; častïr bömbük bomb. [LM bömbüge(n)]
• bömbükte- to play with a ball; to throw a bomb, to bomb.
• bömbürzek globe, the Earth. [LM bömbürčeg]
• bööl- (böglür) to stop flowing, to coagulate (e.g. of blood).
• böölbürgey clumsy, awkward.
• böölbüreš clumsy, awkward.
• böölde- to turn, to spin, to twirl.
• böölden- to turn, to spin, to be turned, spun, twirled.
• bööldes (of a gown or garment) ungirdled, without sash or belt, thrown open.
• bööldesten- to ungirdle, to remove the sash; tonun bööldesten- to ungirdle one’s garment.
• bööldeš (of a gown or garment) ungirdled, without sash or belt, thrown open.
• bööldešten- to ungirdle, to remove the sash.
• bööldet- to turn, to spin, to make or let turn or spin.
• böörteŋ hernia; böörteŋ kiži person suffering from inguinal hernia. [LM bögeredeng]
• bööškün plug (of e.g. wood, a rag); piston.
• bööškünne- to plug, to stop up, to close off.
• bööškünnüg plugged, stopped up, closed off.
• böpügür thick, plump, chubby. [cf. LM bömbügür]
• böpüy- to become thick, chubby (e.g. of a child); to swell, to bulge, to inflate. [cf. LM bömbüi-]
• böpüyt- to let swell up, to inflate (e.g. a balloon).
• börbek [böhrbek] round, bulging, spherical; lump, clod, small ball or sphere; kïzïl xan börbekter red blood corpuscles.
• börbekteš- [böhrbekteš-] to roll up into a ball or lump; to assume a rounded form.
• börbeŋne- [börbeŋne-] to roll (of a ball or the eyes).
• börbey- [böhrbey-] to be or become round, bulging, spherical.
• börbügür thick, plump, fat; swollen, pouting, bulging (e.g. lips, face).
• bört [böhrt] hat, cap; börgüm my hat; börgüŋ your hat; börgü his/her hat; kïškï bört winter hat; xalbaŋnïg bört cap with ear flaps; xavaktïg bört peaked cap; xavak čok bört peakless cap; kadag börgü nailhead; eeriil börgü screw nut. [<NE börk, CT *bö:rk]
• börtek [böhrtek] boy’s penis.
• börü wolf; kïs börü she-wolf, female wolf; börü oglu wolf cub; böru agla- to hunt wolves with a battue; börü keži wolf skin; xoy keži ketken börü wolf in sheep skin. [<CT *bö:ri]
• börüle- to hunt for wolves.
• börzek [böhrzek] wolf cub.
• börzekpen wolf cub (nickname for a dog).
• böske [böhske] case or cover for a hunting gun (covering butt and lock).
• böskek [böhskek] breast of a bird. [<CT *böksek]
• böskele- [böhskele-] to put a case on a hunting gun.
• bözür [böhzür] pitted, pocked, pockmarked (of the face); uneven, rough (of a surface); toothed, jagged; pockmarck; roughness; elevation with small cliffs; place covered with stones; bözür arïn face with pockmarks; bözür sambïra rough board.
• bözür-paga toad.
• bözürgey [böhzürgey] pitted, pocked, pockmarked (of the face); uneven, rough (of a surface); toothed, jagged.
• bözürer- [böhzürer-] to be or become pitted, pockmarked, rough, uneven.
• bözüreš [böhzüreš] pitted, pocked, pockmarked (of the face); uneven, rough (of a surface); toothed, jagged.
• bözürle- [böhzürle-] to be or become pitted, pockmarked, rough, uneven.
• bözerlen- [böhzürlen-] to become pitted, pock-marked.