E

Etymological Legend
Ch	Chinese
CT	Common Turkic
Kh	Khalkha Mongolian
Khak	Khakas
LM	Literary Mongolian
LT	Literary Tibetan
NE	Northeastern Turkic
Rus	Russian
Skt	Sanskrit

• ečigey brr! (exclamation of cold).
• ečis final, last, ending; ečis sorulga ultimate objective; ečizinge čedir- to carry through; ečizinde barïp in the end, finally, in the long run. [LM ečüs]
• ede again, re-; ede deri- to re-equip; ede kïl- to do over again, to redo; ede organizasta- to reorganise; ede turgus- to reconstruct; ede turguzuuškun reconstruction; cf. et-.
• edek [ehdek] hem, flap, skirt; border, foot of a mountain; border, edge of a wood. [<CT *etek]
• edekte- to carry in the panel or skirts of clothing; to walk past the foot of a mountain. [<CT *etekte-]
• eder- to follow, to go after. [<CT *eder-]
• eder-xaaržak accordion.
• eder-xaaržakta- to play the accordion.
• ederinči fellow-traveler; postposition.
• ederiš- to become friends; to go together; (of animals) to obey.
• edert- to lead. [<CT *edert-]
• edig repair; recovery. [<CT *e:tig]
• edilekči owner, possessor; speaker of a language.
• edilel owning, possession, ownership, property; manufactured article; daštan kïlgan edilelder articles manufactured from stone. [LM edlel]
• edir epiploon; sebaceous membrane; edir buluttar fleecy clouds.
• edir- to allow the calf to approach the cow, in order to cause the cow to give more milk.
• edirek cf. ödürek duck.
• ee host, lord, owner, master, boss. [<CT *idi ~ *ige]
• eedere- to grow stupid, foolish, to become muddle-headed, half-witted; to get confused, bewildered. [LM egedeyire-]
• eederet- to confuse, to bewilder.
• eedergey stupid, foolish, muddle-headed, half-witted.
• eedergeyzimzeer dull, not very bright, silly.
• eegi rib. [<CT *eyekü]
• eek- (eeger) to bent, to bow, to kneel, to stoop.
• eel- (eglir) to be bent, curved; cf. eŋme-. [<CT *egil-]
• eelčeg turn, rank, order, sequence, shift; meeŋ eelčeem keldi it is my turn; xünnüŋ eelčeende ?in the next days; ertengi eelčeg morning shift; kežeeki eelčeg night shift. [LM egelĵiye(n)]
• eelčeglig regular, ordered, routine.
• eelčeštir- to proceed in order.
• eeldek pliant, supple, polite, pleasant; eeldeg čaŋnïg kiži a pleasant person. [LM eyeldeg]
• eele- to occupy; to keep house, to manage a household; olut eele- to occupy a seat; poziciyanï eele- to occupy a position; sözün eele- to keep one’s word.
• eelet- to let occupy, keep house, manage a household.
• een empty, uninhabited, deserted; ownerless; een čer an uninhabited place; een bažïŋ ownerless house. [<NE *e:n]
• een eht the muscle of the back.
• eenzirgey empty, uninhabited, deserted; eenzirgei xovular uninhabited steppes.
• eer arched (e.g of horns).
• eer- to bark; ït eerip tur the dog is barking. [<CT *he:r-]
• eer- to twist, to spin; xendir eer- to twist hemp. [<CT *egir-]
• eerbek arched, bow-shaped.
• eerem deep place, pool, slough; eerem deg dense and tall; eerem-ne many, a lot, teeming with; eerem deg oht-sigen dense and tall grass; xovuda čïlgï eerem-ne the steppe is teeming with horseherds.
• eeremčik (~ eeremčigey) spider; eeremčik duzaa cobweb. [<CT *ö:rümčik]
• eeren idol.
• eereš- to plead, to persuade, to persist, to beg. [cf. LM egere-]
• eergi barking often (of dogs); eergi ït husky (dog breed).
• eergiiš mountain ash, rowan-tree (Sorbus, Pomaceae); cf. xöörüüs.
• eergiiš spindle, axle, shank.
• eergiiš whirlpool, maelstrom; cf. boralgak.
• eeriil screw; bolt. [LM egeregül spindle]
• eeš female bear. [<NE *egeš]
• eetpek arched, bow-shaped; gulf.
• eežegey cottage cheese (made from sour milk). [LM egezegei]
• eežek heel (of a foot or shoe).
• eežok un-owned, ownerless, no man’s.
• eg- (eer) to turn, to return, to go back; to bend, to bow, to make arched; oruk ara eg- to turn back halfway; komandirovkadan eep kelgen s/he returned from a business trip. [<CT *eg-]
• ege completely, totally, only.
• ege [ehge] beginning, start; headline; chapter; ööredilge čïlïnïŋ egezi the beginning of the study year; toolduŋ egezi the beginning of a tale; ege škola elementary school; ege klasstar elementary classes; ege xemčeg unit (of measuring); ege sös foreword, introduction. [LM eki(n)]
• ege- to file. [<CT *e:ke-]
• egee file (a tool).
• egeertinmes inexhaustible; rich in.
• egele- to begin, to start; öörenip egele- to start studying; bižip egele- to start writing. [LM ekile-]
• egen- to be timid, shy, confused, embarrassed.
• egenček shy, timid, diffident, bashful.
• egendir- to make timid, shy; to confuse, to embarras; to put to shame.
• egenig timidity, shyness; uneasiness.
• egeniičel shy, timid, diffident, bashful.
• egeniiškin timidity, shyness; uneasiness.
• egey ?fur coat.
• egiir: egiir šagdan long since, since olden times; egiir šagda forever, for good, in perpetuity; egiirede forever, forgood, in perpetuity. [LM egüri]
• egin shoulder; ekti his/her shoulder; egin söögü shoulder bone. [<CT *egin]
• eginne- to carry on the shoulders.
• egiš breathlessness, short breath.
• egit- to return, to give back.
• egle- to clean, to refine (grain from the chaff by beating the trough on the knees); cf elge-.
• eki (~ ekki) good, well; hello; eki bil- to know well; moon eki better than this; eki šïnarlïg of high quality; eki-le dize at best; eki tura voluntary; eki tura-bile voluntarily; eki turačï volunteer; ekizi körgen fortunate, lucky. eki, ešter! hello friends!
• eki-bak (~ eki-bagay) all sorts of, all kinds, any (lit. good-bad).
• eki-baktïg all sorts of, all kinds, any.
• ekidir well, as ought, properly; bižekti ekidir bize sharpen the knife properly.
• ekii hello; ekii šuptu! hello everybody!
• ekiirgek generous, liberal, hospitable; ekiirgek kiži hospitable person.
• ekiri- to get well, to recover; (of a wound) to skin over, to heal.
• ekiži- to become better, to improve.
• ekkel- (ekkeer) to bring along.
• el a steep slope.
• elbe- to be abundant, to abound in.
• elbeerge- to boast of one’s abundance, to consider oneself as having something in abundance; edinge elbeergeves one must not boast of of one’s possessions.
• elbek abundant, plentiful; elbee-bile abundantly. [LM elbeg]
• elbekši- to be abundant. [LM elbegsi-]
• elbekšil abundance. [LM elbegsil]
• elči ambassador, emissary, envoy. [<CT *elči]
• elčigen donkey. [LM elĵige(n)]
• eldep strange, unusual. [LM eldeb]
• ele so, indeed. [LM ele]
• ele- to become worn off, to wear out; dürgen ele- to wear out quickly. [LM ele-]
• eleečel wearing out quickly.
• eleen quite a lot; enough, sufficient(ly), rather, fairly; eleen ulug fairly big.
• eleer sober, abstinent. [LM elegür]
• elek not yet.
• eleŋne- to shake, to rock, to swing.
• elezin sand. [LM elesü(n)]
• elge- cf. egle- to sieve, to refine. [<CT *elge-]
• elgeeš sieve.
• elik doe of the roe deer. [<CT *elik]
• elzet- to recruit, to win over to one’s side. [cf. LM else-]
• em medicine. [CT *em, LM em]
• em- to suck (the breast). [<CT *em-]
• emči doctor. [CT *emči, LM emči]
• emdik not broken-in. [LM emleg, emneg, emnig]
• emegleš- (emigležer) to attack.
• emeyek great-grandfather, forfather.
• emge-seske order, neatness, tidiness. [LM emki čegče]
• emgežok very much.
• emig female breast; udder; emig urug baby. [<CT *emig]
• emigle- to help; to tackle.
• emigle- to swell (of the udder before a calf).
• emigleš- (emigležer) to help one another, to do something together; to tackle together.
• emin: emin erttir (~ emin ertir) too much, in excess, exaggerated; monu emin ertir tottur čip bolbas one cannot overeat oneself from this.
• emir- to break off.
• emiskik feeding-bottle for children; funnel, spout (e.g. of teapot).
• emne- to heal, to treat; aaraan kižini emne- to treat an ill person. [CT *emle-, LM emne-]
• emnelge medicine; hospital, clinic; uruglar emnelgezi children’s hospital; mal emnelgezi veterinary clinic.
• emnet- to undergo medical treatment; to get cured. [<CT *emlet-]
• emzir- to suckle.
• enček (felt) blanket.
• ene great-grandmother; nanny.
• ende- to mistake somebody for somebody else; to perish, to be lost, to die (suddenly); sugga ende- to drown; ahtka ende- to fall from one’s horse and die. [LM ende-]
• enik puppy. [<CT *enük]
• enikte- (of a dog) to give birth to puppies, cubs.
• enir not far; past; enir čïlïn last year.
• eŋ superlative particle: most, very; eŋ ulug largest; eŋ eki best; eŋ čaraš most beautiful; eŋ berge most difficult, hardest; eŋ baštay first, very first. [<CT *eŋ]
• eŋbek chronic disease. [<CT *emgek, LM emgeg]
• eŋdere much, a lot (only used with verbs); eŋdere nomču- to read much; eŋdere čïg- to gather much.
• eŋge-doŋga (~ eŋge-daŋga) ?a proper name.
• eŋgin female camel. [<CT *hingen]
• eŋgiske rouge; a wild beet. [LM enggeske]
• eŋmek curved, bent, concave; eŋmek körünčük concave mirror; eŋmek mïyïstïg with sharply bent, curved horns.
• eŋme- to be bent, curved; cf. eel-.
• eŋmežok cf. emgežok very much.
• ep agreement, harmony, friendship, peace. [LM eb]
• ep-nayïral friendship; buzulbas ep-nayïral unbreakable friendship.
• ep-setkil agreement; cohesion, union; ep-setkil kattïžïïškïnï solidarity.
• epčok unsuitable, inconvenient.
• epši (old) woman; cf. ešpi. [<CT *ebči]
• epteš- to reconcile with.
• eptig comfortable, handy, practical, friendly, harmonious.
• er man, male; er xey young man, youth; er xavan boar; er ödürek drake. [<CT *er]
• erben notch, jag, gap, indentation, hollow, groove.
• ere- to wish, to expect, to look for. [LM eri-]
• ereen-šokar multicoloured. [LM eriyen čoqor]
• erege rosary, beads. [LM erike(n)]
• eres bold, daring; eres er bold fellow, dare-devil; eres čoruk bravery, courage; cf. omak, orlan, šovaa.
• erge right, authority; ažïldaar erge the right to work; dïštanïr erge the right to have a break; soŋgulda ergezi voting right. [LM erke]
• erge comfort, soft life, delight, bliss. [<CT *erke]
• erge-ažïk interests. [cf. LM asig erke]
• erge-čagïrga power, authority.
• erge-kara dear one, beloved, sweetheart.
• ergek finger; thumb. [<CT *erŋek]
• ergekteeš touch-hole of a cross-bow.
• ergele- to know; to administer. [LM erkele-]
• ergelekči director, leader. [LM erkilegči]
• ergelet- to have administered.
• ergelet- to soften, to move, to have feelings of endearment.
• ergelig rightly, currently.
• ergežok: ergežok čugula necessary, indispensable.
• ergi previous, former, old. [<NE *erki]
• ergi- to go around, to go through, to circulate. [LM ergi-]
• ergii absent-minded. [LM ergigüü]
• ergilde turn, change, circulation. [LM ergilte]
• ergil- to turn around, to swing around, to make a circle; to revolve, to rotate.
• ergildir- to turn, to make turn.
• ergim dear, beloved, kind, esteemed; ergim ešter dear friends; ergim öŋnük beloved friend. [LM erkim]
• ergin threshold.
• eri- to thaw, to melt. [<CT *erü-]
• erig thawed, melted; erig xar melted snow. [<CT *erig]
• eriide- to torture; to beat. [cf. LM erigüle-]
• erik border, edge; xem erii river side, shore; ayak erii edge of a bowl. [LM ergi]
• erin lip; ernim my lip; üstüü erin upper lip; aldïï erin lower lip. [<CT *erin]
• erlik underworld; erlik oranï netherworld, hell. [LM erlig]
• ert- to go past, to walk past, to outrun, to overtake, to surpass. [<CT *ert-]
• erte early; ertenginiŋ ertezinde in the earliness of early times, long ago. [<CT *erte, LM erte(n)]
• erteži early rising.
• ertem science, knowledge, learning. [LM erdem]
• ertem-bilig education.
• ertem-šinčilel research.
• ertemden scholar; scientist. [LM erdemten]
• ertemnig learned, smart; scientific.
• erten early in the morning; tomorrow. [LM erte(n)]
• ertengi early; of an early time.
• ertik if only, would (particle expressing irrealis); sug xöy bolgan bolza, tarïlgaga eki bolgay ertik if there would have been more water, it would have been good for the grain.
• ertine jewel, treasure. [<CT *ertini, LM erdeni ←Skt ratna]
• ertip even if, although.
• erttir (~ ertir) through, across, passing; over, in excess (in combination with verbs); erttir udu- to oversleep; erttir xayïndïr- to overcook; erttir čugaalaš- to speak for a long time.

erttir- to let pass, to let go of, to allow for, to permit; to be overtaken, surpassed; to pass, to spend (time, holidays); čazïg erttirbe don’t allow for mistakes; čaynï ködeege erttir- to spend the summer in the village. [<CT *ertür-] erttirilge pass, permission, permit.

• es- to take out, to take away, to take off; eht es- to take out the meat (from the cauldron).
• esker- to notice, observe.
• esket: esket čok imperceptibly, inconspicuously, suddenly.
• eskit scraps, ends.
• este- of the wind to rise.
• estengi placenta, afterbirth (of animals).
• estiičel easily dissolving, easily melting.
• eš friend. [<CT *eš]
• eš-öör friends.
• eš- to row; to rake. [<CT *eš-]
• eš- to twine.
• eškede- to hurry.
• eškenne- to scrape with the hoofs or paws; to shovel the earth.
• eškiiš (~ eški) oar; spoon.
• ešpi (old) woman; girl that is not very good; cf. epši.
• eštig having friends.
• et stuff, goods, possessions, things, household goods; tanned leather; caution (when wearing clothes). [<CT *ed, LM ed]
• eht meat; inek ehdi beef; xoy ehdi mutton; xavan ehdi pork; aht ehdi horse meat; dagaa ehdi chicken meat; buur ehdi elk meat; ivi ehdi deer meat; öškü ehdi goat meat; adïg ehdi bear meat; balïk ehdi fish meat; šišteen eht skewered meat; eht munu meat soup. [<CT *et]
• et- to order, to correct, to put in order; orun et- to make the bed; ede again, re-. [<CT *e:t-]
• et- (eder) of cattle to give milk.
• et- [eht-] of instruments to sound; of humans or animals to utter a sound; edigen mooing, bellowing; boo edip tur a gun sounded, a gunshot was audible; sös et- to utter a word; dömey et- to talk nonsense; aksïnga kelgen-ne čüve et- to say anything that comes up; inek edip tur the cow mooed; xoy edip tur the sheep bleated; dagaa edip tur the chicken cackled; eder deer bo! goodness gracious! [<NE *et-]
• et-sep various things, goods, belongings.
• eht-xan body, build.
• et-xereksel stock; inventory.
• et-xöreŋgi property, belongings. [LM ed köröngge]
• et-xöreŋgilig having property, wealthy.
• ehtkir fleshy.
• ette- to hit, to beat, to trash; to dress, to curry (leather); to rob.
• ehtte- to eat meat.
• etteeškin beating.
• ehttig fleshy. [<CT *etlig]
• ettin- to get well, to recover; to repair, to mend; to be corrected; ooŋ balïğ xolu ettine bergen his wounded hand got well; xevin ettin- to mend one’s clothes; ooŋ tenek aažï-čaŋï ettine bergen his foolish behaviour was corrected.
• ettin- [ehttin-] (of a gun) to inadvertently fire; to blurt out, to let slip (a word); boo ettine bergen the gun inadvertently fired; sös ettine bergen s/he blurted out words; beš ettine boo a gun containing five charges.
• eveeš small, minor, a little, a bit.
• eveeže- to decrease, to dimisish, to decline, to become less.
• eveežet- to decrease, to reduce, to lessen.
• eveežettin- to decrease, to dimisish, to decline, to become less.
• eveežettinig minuend (in mathematics).
• evegen naked, nude, bald.
• eves it is not, not, not being; kïzïl eves (it is) not red; sen eves (it is) not you; ïndïg eves it is not so; uluğ eves imeniye an estate that is not big; Belek kelgen eves Belek did not come after all; bir eves if; monu kïlgan kiži Čïlbak eves pe? isn’t Čïlbak the person who has done this?; kiži kelgen eves pe barïp köreyn let me go see whether someone has come; kïm ažar eves, xürežiilem čee come on, let the two of us wrestle, and see who will win; kiži eves kiži nasty person, sly person. [<*emez <*ermez]
• evespe mind you, you know, don’t forget, isn’t it, right, so; komsomol xuralï bolur evespe there will be a meeting of the komsomol, you know; duun čanïp kelgen evespe s/he returned yesterday, you know.
• evilel league, union. [LM eblel]
• evileŋ polite, courteous, gentle.
• eze- to yawn.
• ezeergek aggressive, tyrannical; aggressor, tyrant; ezeergek yozu tyrany.
• ezeŋgi stirrup. [<NE *ezeŋgi]
• ezeŋgileeš metatarsus.
• ezer saddle; ezer bažï pommel; ezer söögü saddle tree. [<CT *eder]
• ezerte- to saddle. [<NT *ederte-]
• ezil- (estir) to melt, to become molten.
• ezim forest.
• ezir [ehzir] eagle. [<CT *esiri]
• eziri- to become or be drunk. [<CT *esür-]
• ezirik drunk. [<CT *esürük]
• ezirik kid, a small goat.
• ezirt- to make drunk. [<CT *esürt-]
• eže- to make a pair.
• ežele- to take up, to take over. [LM eĵele-]
• eželekči agressor, usurper. [LM eĵelegeči]
• ežen ruler, lord, sovereign. [LM eĵen]
• ežeš a pair, a couple.
• ežik door. [<CT *e:šik]
• ežikkey pal, buddy, friend.
• ežin- (eštir) to float, to swim; to take a bath.
• ežindiriiškin swimming, bathing.
• ežiškiler friends.