Suffix cheatsheet

Archiphoneme Guide

Vowels

• /A/ -> e, a
• /I/ -> i, ü, y, u
• /V/ -> any vowel

Consonants

• /N/ -> n, t, d
• /D/ -> t, d
• /L/ -> l, n, d, t
• /J/ or /Č/ -> ž, č
• /G/ -> k, g
• /K/ -> k, g, ğ
• /B/ -> b, p, v, m
• /Z/ -> s, z

Case

Name	Archiphoneme	Environment	Vowel Harmony						No Vowel Harmony	Reference
			Front			Back
			No Round Harmony	Round Harmony		No Round Harmony	Round Harmony
				Unround	Round		Unround	Round
Genitive	/-NIŋ/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č		-tiŋ	-tüŋ		-tyŋ	-tuŋ		A&H 2.1.1.4
		After l		-diŋ	-düŋ		-dyŋ	-duŋ		A&H 2.1.1.4
		After everything else		-niŋ	-nüŋ		-nyŋ	-nuŋ		A&H 2.1.1.4
Dative	/-KA/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č	-ke			-ka				A&H 2.1.1.4
		After voiced consonants	-ge			-ga				A&H 2.1.1.4
Accusative	/-NI/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č		-ti	-tü		-ty	-tu		A&H 2.1.1.4
		After l		-di	-dü		-dy	-du		A&H 2.1.1.4
		After everything else		-ni	-nü		-ny	-nu		A&H 2.1.1.4
Locative	/-DA/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č	-te			-ta				A&H 2.1.1.4
		After everything else	-de			-da				A&H 2.1.1.4
Ablative	/-DAn/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č	-ten			-tan				A&H 2.1.1.4
		After everything else	-den			-dan				A&H 2.1.1.4
Directive I	/-Je/	After voiced phonemes							-zhe	A&H 2.1.1.4
		After unvoiced phonemes							-che	A&H 2.1.1.4
Directive II	/-DIvA/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, <š</, k, č		-tive	-tüve		-tyva	-tuva		A&H 2.1.1.4
		After everything else		-dive	-düve		-dyva	-duva		A&H 2.1.1.4

Nouns

Name	Archiphoneme	Environment	Vowel Harmony						No Vowel Harmony	Reference
			Front			Back
			No Round Harmony	Round Harmony		No Round Harmony	Round Harmony
				Unround	Round		Unround	Round
Plural	/-LAr/	After a vowel or r, g, j	-ler			-lar				A&H 2.1.1.1
		After nasals n, m, ŋ	-ner			-nar				A&H 2.1.1.1
		After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č	-ter			-tar				A&H 2.1.1.1
		After l	-der			-dar				A&H 2.1.1.1
First Person Singular Possessive	/-(I)m/	After consonants		-im	-üm		-ym	-um		A&H 2.1.1.5
		After vowels							-m	A&H 2.1.1.5
Second Person Singular Possessive	/-(I)ŋ/	After consonants		-iŋ	-üŋ		-yŋ	-uŋ		A&H 2.1.1.5
		After vowels							-ŋ	A&H 2.1.1.5
Third Person Singular Possessive	/-(z)I/	After consonants		-i	-ü		-y	-u		A&H 2.1.1.5
		After vowels		-zi	-zü		-zy	-zu		A&H 2.1.1.5
First Person Plural Possesive	/-IvIs/			-ivis	-üvüs		-yvys	-uvus		A&H 2.1.1.5
Second Person Plural Possesive	/-IŋAr/		-ŋer			-ŋar				Krueger
				-eŋer	-üŋer		-yŋar	-uŋar		A&H 2.1.1.5
Third Person Plural Possessive	/-(z)I/	After consonants		-i	-ü		-y	-u		A&H 2.1.1.5
		After vowels		-zi	-zü		-zy	-zu		A&H 2.1.1.5
Ordinal Numbers (infrequent)	/-GI/			-ki	-kü		-ky	-ku		A&H 2.1.3
				-gi	-gü		-gy	-gu		A&H 2.1.3
Collective Numbers	/-AlAA(n)/		-eleen			-alaan				A&H 2.1.3
			-elee			-alaa				Krueger
Archaic Collective Number	/-AldIrzI/			-eldirzi	-eldürzü		-aldyrzy	-aldurzu		A&H 2.1.3

Adjectives

Name	Archiphoneme	Environment	Vowel Harmony						No Vowel Harmony	Reference
			Front			Back
			No Round Harmony	Round Harmony		No Round Harmony	Round Harmony
				Unround	Round		Unround	Round
Denoting Posession of the Noun or its Qualities	/-LIg/	After a vowel or r, g, j		-lig	-lüg		-lyg	-lug		A&H 2.1.4
		After nasals n, m, ŋ		-nig	-nüg		-nyg	-nug		A&H 2.1.4
		After l		-dig	-düg		-dyg	-dug		A&H 2.1.4
		After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č		-tig	-tüg		-tyg	-tug		A&H 2.1.4
	/-KI/			-ki	-kü		-ky	-ku		A&H 2.1.4
				-gi	-gü		-gy	-gu		A&H 2.1.4
Augmentative	/-zImAAr/			-zimeer	-zümeer		-zymaar	-zumaar		A&H 2.1.4
Augmentative	/-Il(dIr)/									A&H 2.1.4
Intensity Augmentative	/-(Iŋ)kIr/			-kir	-kür		-kyr	-kur		A&H 2.1.4
				-iŋkir	-üŋkür		-yŋkyr	-uŋkur		A&H 2.1.4

Nominal Categorizers

Name	Archiphoneme	Environment	Vowel Harmony						No Vowel Harmony	Reference
			Front			Back
			No Round Harmony	Round Harmony		No Round Harmony	Round Harmony
				Unround	Round		Unround	Round
	/-Ig/			-ig	-üg		-yg	-ug
	/-čI/			-chi	-chü		-chy	-chu
	/-KčI/			-kchi	-kchü		-kchy	-kchu
				-gchi	-gchü		-gchy	-gchu
	/-(I)IškIn/			-ishkin	-üshkün		-yshkyn	-ushkun		Krueger
				-iishkin	-üüshkün		-yyshkyn	-uushkun		A&H
	/-KI(I)š/			-kish, -kiish	-küsh, -küüsh		-kysh, -kyysh	-kush, -kuush
				-gish, -giish	-güsh, -güüsh		-gysh, -gyysh	-gush, -guush
	/-(I)m/			-im	-üm		-ym	-um	-m
	/-čIn/			-chim	-chüm		-chym	-chum
	/-lgA/		-lge			-lga
	/-mAl/		-mel			-mal
				-imel	-ümel		-ymal	-umal		Krueger /-ImAl/
	/-ldA/	Krueger /-IldA/		-ilde	-ülde		-ylda	-ulda		Krueger /-IldA/
		........	-lde			-lda
	-l
	/-čIgAš/			-chigesh	-chügesh		-chygash	-chugash
	/-čAk/		-chek			-chak
	/-čIk/			-chik	-chük		-chyk	-chuk
	/-Ak/		-ek			-ak
	/-BAy/	...........	-bej			-baj
		........	-mej			-maj
		........	-pej			-paj
		.........	-vej			-vaj

Verbs

Name	Archiphoneme	Environment	Vowel Harmony						No Vowel Harmony	Reference
			Front			Back
			No Round Harmony	Round Harmony		No Round Harmony	Round Harmony
				Unround	Round		Unround	Round
First Person Singular	/-(I)m/			-im	-üm		-ym	-um	-m
Second Person Singular	/-(I)ŋ/			-iŋ	-üŋ		-yŋ	-uŋ	-ŋ
First Person Plural	/-(I)vIs/	.......		-ivis	-üvüs		-yvys	-uvus
		..........		-vis	-vüs		-vys	-vus
Second Person Plural	/-(I)ŋAr/	.......	-ŋer			-ŋar
		.........		-iŋer	-üŋer		-yŋar	-uŋar
Third Person Plural	/(-LAr)/	After a vowel or r, g, j	-ler			-lar
		After nasals n, m, ŋ	-ner			-nar
		After l	-der			-dar
		After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č	-ter			-tar
Definite Past	/-GAn/	............	-ken			-kan
		After voiced consonants	-gen			-gan
Indefinite Past	/-DI/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č		-ti	-tü		-ty	-tu
		After everything else		-di	-dü		-dy	-du
Present-Future	/-Vr/	After vowels							-r
	/-Ir/			-ir	-ür		-yr	-ur
	/-Ar/		-er			-ar
Converb	/-Ip/			-ip	-üp		-yp	-up	&nsbp;
Iterative Aspect	/-KIlA/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č		-kile	-küle		-kyla	-kula
		After voiced consonant stems		-gile	-güle		-gyla	-gula
Perfective Aspect	/-IvIt/			-ivit	-üvüt		-yvyt	-uvut
Resultative (past rhetorical) Aspect	/-ČIk/	After nasals, l, and unvoiced consonants		-chik	-chük		-chyk	-chuk
		After sonants r, g, j		-zhik	-zhük		-zhyk	-zhuk
Unaccomplished Aspect	/-GAlAk/	After voiced consonant stems	-gelek			-galak				A&H
		After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č	-kelek			-kalak				A&H
		After vowels?	-eelek			-aalak				Krueger
Cessative Aspect	/-BAstA-/	...........	-beste			-basta
		.........	-meste			-masta
		........	-peste			-pasta
		...........	-veste			-vasta
Conditional Mood	/-ZA/	..........	-se			-sa
		.........	-ze			-za
Concessive Mood	-daa
Conciliatory (Voluntative) Mood	/-GAy/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č	-kej			-kaj
		After voiced consonants	-gej			-gaj
Desiderative Mood	/-ksA/		-kse			-ksa
Evidential Mood	/-DIr/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č		-tir	-tür		-tyr	-tur
		After everything else		-dir	-dür		-dyr	-dur
Negation	/-BA/		-pe			-pa
			-be			-ba
			-ve			-va
			-me			-ma
Present-Future Negation	/-BAs/		-bes			-bas
			-mes			-mas
			-pes			-pas
			-ves			-vas
Negative Converb	/-BAyn/		-pejn			-pajn
			-mejn			-majn
			-bejn			-bajn
			-vejn			-vajn

Verbal Categorizers

Name	Archiphoneme	Environment	Vowel Harmony						No Vowel Harmony	Reference
			Front			Back
			No Round Harmony	Round Harmony		No Round Harmony	Round Harmony
				Unround	Round		Unround	Round
	/-LA/	After a vowel or r, g, j	-le			-la
		After nasals n, m, ŋ	-ne			-na
		After l	-de			-da
		After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č	-te			-ta
	/-A/		-e			-a
	/-IrgA/			-irge	-ürge		-yrga	-urga
	/-ZIrA/			-sire	-süre		-syra	-sura
				-zire	-züre		-zyra	-zura
	/-Ar/		-er			-ar
	/-rA/		-re			-ra
	/-Gar/								-kar
									-gar
	/-sI/			-si	-sü		-sy	-su
	/-šI/			-shi	-shü		-shy	-shu
	/-čI/			-chi	-chü		-chy	-chu
	/-ksA/		-kse			-ksa
	-t
	/-DIrt/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č		-tirt	-türt		-tyrt	-turt
		After everything else		-dirt	-dürt		-dyrt	-durt
	/-GIs/			-kis	-küs		-kys	-kus
				-gis	-güs		-gys	-gus
Reciprocal Action	/-Iš/			-ish	-üsh		-ysh	-ush

Verbal Modifiers

Name	Archiphoneme	Environment	Vowel Harmony						No Vowel Harmony	Reference
			Front			Back
			No Round Harmony	Round Harmony		No Round Harmony	Round Harmony
				Unround	Round		Unround	Round
Converb	/-(I)p/			-ip	-üp		-yp	-up	-p
	/-A/		-e			-a
	/-y/								-y
Past Converb	/-GAš/		-kesh			-kash
			-gesh			-gash
"Since" Converb	/-GAlA/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č	-kele			-kala
		After voiced consonants	-gele			-gala
Durative Converb	/-BIšaan/			-pishaan	-püshaan		-pyshaan	-pushaan
				-bishaan	-büshaan		-byshaan	-bushaan
				-vishaan	-vüshaan		-vyshaan	-vushaan
				-mishaan	-müshaan		-myshaan	-mushaan

Clitics, Particles, etc.

Name	Archiphoneme	Environment	Vowel Harmony						No Vowel Harmony	Reference
			Front			Back
			No Round Harmony	Round Harmony		No Round Harmony	Round Harmony
				Unround	Round		Unround	Round
Emphatic Marker	/+LA/	After a vowel or r, g, j	-le			-la
		After nasals n, m, ŋ	-ne			-na
		After l	-de			-da
		After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č	-te			-ta
Equative Marker	/-LA/	After a vowel or r, g, j	-le			-la
		After nasals n, m, ŋ	-ne			-na
		After l	-de			-da
		After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č	-te			-ta
Emphatic Focus Marker	=daa
Instrumentive Marker	=bile
Interrogative & Deictic Particle	/-(I)l/			-il	-ül		-yl	-ul	-l
Assertive or Evidential or Copula	/-DIr/	After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č		-tir	-tür		-tyr	-tur
		After everything else		-dir	-dür		-dyr	-dur
Interrogative Particle	be